A construção de sentido em interações linguísticas: um estudo ecocognitivo

Abstract

In this master’s thesis, I present an investigation that I conducted to characterize the construction of meaning that takes place in concrete linguistic interactions, that is, in real and authentic communication situations. For this purpose, I employed a non-probabilistic sampling strategy, selecting, as a sample, the recorded instances of interactions during a ten-minute and two-second segment of the documentary series The Beatles: Get Back (Part 2..., 2021). For analyzing this audiovisual material, I implemented a categorical content analysis (Bardin, 2011) which primarily encompassed the description of interactions in terms of language games (Duque, 2022a). The results from this analysis were refined descriptions of 41 concrete interactions. For interpreting the results, I adopted the ecocognitive approach to language (Duque, 2015b, 2018), which proposes that language and cognition emerge from the body-environment integration, in the light of the contributions from the ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Gabora et al., 2008; Golonka; Wilson, 2013, 2019). Within this theoretical framework, I developed and employed the notions of frames (Fillmore, 1976, 1977, 1982; Duque, 2015a, 2017) and schemas (Johnson, 1987; Lakoff, 1987; Langacker, 1987), coming from Cognitive Linguistics, together with the notion of language games (Wittgenstein, 1979; Steels, 2015), coming from philosophy of language and Artificial Intelligence. As a conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the construction of meaning in interactions can be characterized as a cumulative cognitive process of (re)modeling concepts, in which specific conditions of historicity and situatedness play a distinctive role.