Mortalidade do câncer de cólon, reto e ânus no Brasil, entre 2010 e 2020: um estudo de série temporal

Abstract

Colon and rectal cancers, also called colorectal cancer (CRC), include tumors that affect the large intestine (colon) and rectum. Therefore, in the Brazilian epidemiological scenario, it is the third most common type of tumor in the population, and worldwide, it is the second most common type in women and the third most common in men. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the epidemiological profile of colorectal cancer mortality in Brazil and its regions in the period from 2010 to 2019. This is an ecological time-series study, carried out using secondary data, in which the evaluation of trends in colorectal cancer mortality from 2010 to 2020, using the variables of deaths, was carried out with Joinpoint software. No approval from the Research Ethics Committee was required in the study because it was public domain data. The results showed that the presence of higher colorectal cancer mortality rates throughout the interval (2010-2020) was concentrated in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. There was also a predominance of male mortality during all years (2010-2020) in the South region, and from 2015 onwards in the Midwest and Southeast; with females being predominant in the North and Northeast throughout the study interval. Moreover, the white race in this epidemiological tracing was predominant between 2010 and 2020 in the Midwest, South, and Southeast, while in the North and Northeast the dominance was of the brown race during the same time interval. At the global level, in turn, Brazil reached the 11th position when compared to the rates of the ten countries with the highest mortality rates. From the data collected, it was concluded that there is evidence of regional disparities regarding the differences in the supply and quality of services as well as the need for investments in primary health care, the key point for early detection of this neoplasm. Moreover, the predominance of males in these rates denotes the resistance of this public in seeking services, elucidating the lack of early diagnosis and the higher risk for mortality.