Proposta de modelo de IQA visando o monitoramento de águas subterrâneas contaminadas por hidrocarbonetos

Abstract

The soil and groundwater contamination through the leakage of underground fuel storage systems at resale points has been a major concern in recent decades. Fuel leaks in soil does not always reach the aquifer to form a free phase, which presents itself as an emergency situation. When the leak has not reached large proportions, a parked phase of fuel is formed on the ground that releases vapors that expand and come into contact with the aquifer, contaminating it, and forming what is called the dissolved phase. This vapor is composed of short and light hydrocarbon chains; among them we have benzene which is very toxic. The light hydrocarbons are able to solubilize in water, making it impractical for human consumption. This thesis deals with the quarterly monitoring of benzene in wells of a fuel retail station in the city of Natal-RN, which uses the pumping and treatment remediation type of system. The initial maximum dissolved benzene plume concentration was 3.107,80 μg.L-1, and during treatment, it showed variations of concentrations above and below this value, having these concentrations higher than the provisions of CONAMA Resolution No. 420/09 of 5 μg.L-1.In addition, this thesis proposed a Quality Index model for Groundwater contaminated by petroleum hidrocarbons (WQIGPH), seeking the interaction of 15 parameters (BTEX, TPH and full PAH) and the carcinogenic and toxicological potential (IARC), so to contribute to decision making and measures aimed for groundwater quality management.When the WQIGPH indicates groundwater of excellent quality for public supply, the population will be assured that the toxicity and carcinogenicity by hydrocarbons will be within the limits set by applicable laws, preserving the health of the population.