Validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem sobrepeso em universitários

Abstract

Intense weight gain after entering university is common among undergraduate students. In this context, the importance of empowering professional nurses in the development of health promotion strategies is emphasized, based on the inference of accurate and precise diagnoses aimed at this clientele. Thus, the objective of the present study is to validate the nursing diagnosis of Overweight in university students. This is a methodological study, developed in two stages, namely: content analysis by judges; and, clinical validation, through a diagnostic accuracy study. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under opinion number 4.953.282 and CAAE 48202221.6.0000.5537. The content analysis stage included the participation of 48 judges. The Content Validity Index was used, through the application of the Wilcoxon statistical test, with p-value > 0.05, to determine the proportion of judges who agreed with the items presented. For clinical validation, 108 nursing students were interviewed. The latent class analysis model was followed to establish accuracy measures, namely: sensitivity and specificity. The analysis of the association of sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral variables with the nursing diagnosis of Overweight occurred through analysis of the Pearson Chi-square Test and Fisher's Exact Test. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Regarding the results, in the first stage of the study, all items were considered statistically valid, and a new structure for the Overweight nursing diagnosis was proposed, containing six defining characteristics, six related factors, six populations at risk; three associated conditions. In the second stage of the present study, the following sensitive defining characteristics were identified: Excessive calorie consumption and Dissatisfaction with body image. On the other hand, the specific defining characteristics were: Negative self-perception of health, Inadequate eating behavior and Impaired emotional health. Using univariate logistic regression, personal history of excess weight was highlighted as a factor with the greatest impact on the occurrence of the diagnosis in the studied clientele. The prevalence of the nursing diagnosis among the clientele was 38.12%. It is concluded that the Overweight diagnosis is verifiable in adolescents and young adults at university and presents two sensitive and three specific characteristics. Thus, it is expected to contribute to increasing the level of evidence of the aforementioned diagnosis in the NANDA-I taxonomy, as well as to greater knowledge about the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the Overweight diagnosis in university students.