Associação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica e fatores biológicos, nutricionais e estilo de vida em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of disorders related to the alterations of lipid profile (triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol), and glycemic; the central fat deposition increase and the elevation of the blood pressure. All of these factors are considered cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the association amongst the components of MetS and biological, nutritional, and lifestyle factors in individuals with MetS. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with individuals between 19 and 77 years old, with both sexes, enrolled at the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes – HUOL, UFRN. The individuals who presented the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the research and after their free and clarified agreement, they were conducted to the questionnaires about life habits; in which in the first 24 hours reminder dietary, it was made blood pressure measurements, anthropometric, and it was booked the biochemical analyses. The second stage, consisted in the delivery of biochemical test results, application of the second 24 hours reminder dietary, and the nutritional guidelines. From the total of 224 participants, 172 (76,8%) were women, with an average of 51(12) years old, and 26,3% were between 60 and 77 years old. The female sex is more likely to present an elevation in waist circumference and low HDLC (OR=3,20; IC95%3,00-8,06, OR=2,94; IC95%1,36-6,31, OR=0,31; IC95%0,11– 0,75), respectively. Dietetic consumption of energy, potassium, copper, iron, and selenium have showed differences amongst the groups with and without changes in the components of MetS (p<0,05). Of these nutrients, potassium has been estimated as a protective factor for the serum concentrations of HDL-C (OR=0,98; IC95%0,97- 0,99). Individuals with high waist circumference have had more altered concentrations of lipid, glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers (p<0,05), and the body mass index has been considered as a predictor for the waist circumference (OR=2,12; IC95%1,69-3,97). Physical activity has emerged as a protective factor against the increase of the serum concentrations of triglycerides (OR=0,28; IC95%0,09–0,79). Increased age has been considered a predictor for the elevation in blood pressure and blood glucose (OR=1,05; IC95%1,02–1,08, OR=1,07; IC95%1,04–1,10), respectively. Therefore, the increase in sleeping time can decrease the chance the individual presents high blood pressure by 22%. In conclusion, we demonstrate associations among potassium intake, physical activity practice and hours of sleep as MetS findings. Other studies are required to evaluate these factors as therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of MetS.