Análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica de um mini gerador fotovoltaico conectado à rede: um estudo de caso no IFRN

Abstract

According to national research companies, the Brazilian electrical matrix is almost totally composed by hydroelectric energy, around 65%. However, it is necessary to change our matrix in a way that makes it more secure for the consumers in periods of draught. Moreover, these variations in the electric power generation have to be adapted to the discussions about low carbon emissions and environmental preservation. In this context, the photovoltaic solar energy drawn with an inexhaustible generation fount – the sun - and great potential in producing electrical energy. Moreover, the photovoltaic solar energy plays a huge contribution to the Brazilian economy due to its high employability index, with more than eight million jobs created in the world in the year of 2016 alone. Despite representing the smallest participation in the national electrical matrix, the photovoltaic solar energy starts to show signs of power and potential in the national scenario since the resolution 482 of 2012, updated by the norm 687 of 2015 that, together, encourage and create opportunities more accessible to the small consumer/generator. According the concepts about mini and micro distributed generation, contained in the norms already cited, the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) was the first Brazilian public institution of teaching to adhere to the system of electrical energy compensation of the ANEEL and today it counts with 14 plants in operation which four are in extension phase and other seven are in installation phase. One of these plants is located at the Santa Cruz Campus. This plant has a photovoltaic micro generation connected to the grid with installation nominal power of 84kWp and will be the subject of discussion of this master thesis. The target of this master thesis is to perform a technical analysis (through the analyses of system productivity, reference productivity, global performance – performance ration) and economic analysis (simple and discounted payback, liquid present value – VPL and intern return index – TIR) of the photovoltaic micro generator in order to verify the actual operation system condition and compare it with other systems. In addition, this thesis will also verify the economic viability of the installation inside the 25 years’ life period of the system components.