Obtenção de formulações à base de surfactante aminado para captura de CO2

Abstract

In today's world, there is growing concern about the problems triggered by climate change.Global warming has promoted negative consequences across the entire surface of the globe, with carbon dioxide (CO2) labeled as the main responsible for the aforementioned problem. The energy matrix anchored in fossil fuels has led to an unprecedented increase in CO2 levels in the atmosphere. In view of this, CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies have emerged with the promise of mitigating, in the short term, the levels of CO2 accumulated in the air. Absorption has been the most used technique to capture CO2 in post-combustion processes, in which the established absorbent liquids are alkanolamines, such as MEA (methylethanolamine) and MDEA (dimethylethanolamine). Although these substances promote the rapid absorption of CO2, toxicity, thermal instability, among other operational problems, have directed research in search of new, more sustainable absorbent liquids. Once CO2 has been absorbed into the liquid, mineralization can occur, which consists of the reaction of carbonate anions, originating from CO2, with metallic cations, such as calcium and magnesium, resulting in the formation of a stable solid. Base formulations containing water, oil (petroleum) and amino surfactant were developed to capture CO2 through absorption and mineralization in ambient conditions (30 °C and 1 atm). An experimental design was carried out using the PCC model, with the aim of finding the optimized conditions of oil concentration, surfactant concentration and temperature that would promote the lowest rate of release of CO2 after its absorption. Salts (NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O, MgCl2.6H2O e K2SO4), amino acid (lysine) and disaccharide (sucrose) were added to the formulations in order to investigate the influence on carbon capture. The saline formulation (produced water mimic) was used to promote the mineralization of CO2 into carbonates by adjusting the pH to basic values (8,9,10,11 and 12), using 1 M NaOH solution, with and without surfactant. The precipitates obtained were treated and characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR. The results showed the exclusive formation of calcite. Therefore, this work brings the perspective of using oily and saline effluents, such as produced water, added with surfactant, to capture the gas reiterated in industrial combustion processes