Associações do magnésio, cálcio e a razão cálcio/magnésio no plasma com os componentes da síndrome metabólica e outros fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em adultos e idosos

Abstract

Magnesium, calcium and calcium/magnesium ratio (Ca/Mg) are elements that have been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors related to Metabolic Syndrome (MS). It is known that these factors share a series of mechanisms attributable to systemic inflammation, however these metabolic processes that explain the relationship between these micronutrients and MS still have gaps. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between magnesium, calcium and the Ca/Mg ratio in plasma with the components of MetS and other cardiometabolic risk factors, in adults and elderly people with and without MetS. This study is cross-sectional, carried out with participants from the BRAZUCA-Natal Study. Sociobiodemographic data, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Magnesium and calcium concentrations were measured in plasma using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). 112 participants were included, assessed for a diagnosis of MetS, according to the harmonized criteria for MetS, and distributed into groups of individuals with and without MetS. Linear regression models were performed using the hierarchical method to determine associations between the elements and other variables. MetS was identified in 50% of the population, especially in female participants. The mean values of magnesium and calcium concentrations in both groups were considered within the reference values, however, a frequency of hypomagnesemia of 12.5% was observed, while the excess of calcium in the plasma was 15%. .2% in the studied population. Associations were observed between plasma calcium and total cholesterol (β= -0.020; p=0.000; R²=0.238), HDL-c (β=-0.046; p=0.005; R²= 0.267). There were also associations between the calcium/magnesium ratio with total cholesterol (β= -0.025; p=0.000; R²= 0.184) and LDL-c (β=0.017; p=0.020; R²= 0.231). These results point to alarming data on MS, especially in the female population. There were no differences in the concentrations of elements between the groups, however, important associations between calcium and Ca/Mg ratio with risk factors related to MS were evident. These data suggest metabolic changes related to risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in addition to revealing that both total cholesterol and HDL-c are considered independent predictors of calcium values and calcium/magnesium ratio in plasma.