Investigação acerca da noção de sophrosyne no Cármides

Abstract

What is sophrosyne? This is the question that Socrates is presented to the participants of the dialogue, which are Charmides and Critias, so that together they can analyze, in the Dialogue entitled Charmides, dialogue of Plato's youth, the concept of σωφροσύνη. The Greek word sophrosyne is difficult to translate from ancient Greek into modern languages and each commentator chooses a translation, which reveals the semantic choice of each one. Dorion chooses sagasse, Hazebroucq chooses moderation, English commentators mostly choose self-knowledge, others self-control or temperance. In the Charmides dialogue, the characters examine whether the virtue σωφροσύνη is knowledge. And being, of what? Six notions of Sophrosyne are discussed in search of a concept. In the first notion sophrosyne discuss whether it is to do all things decently and in moderation. In the second if it is what makes the Man blush and become ashamed, with shame. The third is to take care of what is your own. The fourth consists of doing good or doing good things. In the fifth if σωφροσύνη is self-knowledge or knowledge of oneself as the Oracle of Delphi says. And in the sixth if σωφροσύνη is the knowledge of another knowledge. We conclude by showing the use of sophrosyne as enkrateia in other Plato's dialogues.