Ciclos políticos e eficiência dinâmica com estrutura em rede dos prestadores de serviços de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil

Abstract

This study, in light of the theory of political cycles, aimed to analyze the effects of political cycles on the efficiency of the general, operational and economic structure of the operators of the Brazilian municipal solid waste operators, comprising the period from 2012 to 2019. Thus, the analysis was divided into two stages. The first stage consists of the use of the Dynamic DEA Model with Network structure, which allowed structuring and calculating efficiency indicators, subdivided into two divisions: operational and economic. The second stage, carries efficiency scores as dependent variables and analyzes the effects of political cycles and other variables (party ideology, GDP per capita, density, transfers, political capital, and macro-regions) on the efficiency of operators by means of three econometric models. With a sample of 218 operators, the results indicate an average score of general efficiency of 60.57%, indicating inefficiency in the sector. Still, the Malmquist indexes indicate stagnation of productivity throughout the period, undermining goals and objectives of public policy makers. The negative influence of political cycles on the efficiency scores of the three proposed models is verified, demonstrating that the theory of political cycles is present and relevant in discussions of the sector. The variables GDP per capita, density, transfers, political capital and macro-region, presented statistical significance in at least one of the models, unlike party ideology. This study becomes relevant because it can help in the definition of effective policies, especially in developing countries. It meets originality by building analysis with specific characteristics for Brazil, besides not being found similar research after systematic review.