Evolução dos fatores de risco cardiovascular e aplicação de índices aterogênicos em adultos e idosos de uma coorte brasileira: estudo BRAZUCA/natal- RN

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in Brazil and worldwide. The stratification of cardiovascular risk and the control of modifiable risk factors in the population are crucial and effective interventions for the prevention and management of these conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the evolution of cardiovascular risk factors in a population of adults and elderly individuals in the BRAZUCA study cohort - Natal, as well as the applicability of different indices in assessing cardiovascular risk. This data was organized into two studies, which followed distinct methodological designs, with the first being a cohort study and the second a cross-sectional design nested within the cohort. In both studies, sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected. In the cohort study, 50 individuals were followed, and the evolution of these data was compared over six years (2019 to 2024). For the cross-sectional study, data from all participants in the second phase of the cohort (2023/2024) were included, totaling 107 individuals. In the cohort study, there was an increase in the frequency of individuals classified as high risk for CVD (p=0.031) and in the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) (+2.22, p<0.001). In the cross-sectional study, the Atherogenic Plasma Index (API) demonstrated better performance in the area under the ROC curve and was positively correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides. Thus, this work allows us to conclude that there was a significant increase in cardiovascular risk between 2019 and 2024 in the evaluated population and highlights that monitoring lipid profiles, anthropometric parameters, and the use of API can be adjuncts in cardiovascular risk stratification in this population.