O conservadorismo, léxico da filosofia política

Abstract

Study of the concept of political conservatism. The dissertation analyzes the concept of conservatism, which is a piece of the political right. Given the manifest semantic comprehensiveness that this term has, this work aims to identify an organization and precision of meanings that allows its use as a lexicon of political philosophy. To this aim, we explore the context of its emergence in the French revolutionary period in the late eighteenth century, which is followed by the dissensions between the ideas of the political left and right that are directly related to the concept examined. The study addresses the emotive charge that accompanies this category, the progressive and specific Marxist critiques, and some interrelationships with political and social psychologies. The use of the term in economics is presented as part of the cartography of the lexicon conservatism, whose observation is fruitful to validate inner aspects of the previously marked lexical demarcations. The study comprised the analysis of one of the most important works for the category: Reflections on the Revolution in France, by Edmund Burke, as well as the text that inaugurates the historical antinomy of conservatism, Rights of Man, by Thomas Paine. Contemporary studies directly related to semantic construction have housed chapter 11 of Robert E. Goodin's The Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, Philip Pettit and Thomas Pogge, whose theme is: Conservatism - from the work of Anthony Quinton; The entry "Conservatism", written by Tiziano Bonnazi, in the Dictionary of Politics of Norberto Bobbio, Nicola Matteucci and Gianfranco Pasquino; and the book The Classical Conservatism, by Laura Escorsim Netto. These were the primary sources of this study. This work concludes by highlighting the relevance and scope that this contemporary category can have in political philosophy, constituting an effort to interpret events that are conflicted and paradoxical in social reality.