Perfil imunofenotípico das doenças linfoproliferativas crônicas no Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases (CLLD) constitute a group of lymphatic neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of mature neoplastic lymphocytes. Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping (ICF) plays a fundamental role in the differential diagnosis of these disorders, contributing significantly to more accurate diagnostic accuracy. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the immunophenotypic profiles used in the diagnosis of patients with CLBP in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), evaluate the effectiveness of a specific panel for the diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma, determine the monoclonality of B lineage CLLD and establish a database for future clinical research. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed patients (n = 927) with CLLD using Flow Cytometry. Furthermore, we collected additional information from patients, such as age, sex and hematological parameters. The results obtained revealed that 85.7% of the cases corresponded to B lineage DLPC, while 14.2% were T/NK lineage DLPC. Among B-lineage CLLD, the distribution was as follows: 487 cases of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, 18 of B Prolymphocytic Leukemia, 25 of Villous Cell Leukemia, 6 of Follicular Lymphoma, 4 of Splenic Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes, 33 of Mantle Cells, 4 from Waldenstron Macroglobulinemia, 69 from Multiple Myeloma, 14 from Plasma Cell Leukemia, 11 from Burkitt Lymphoma and 117 from Leukemized Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. On the other hand, the classification of T/NK lineage CLLD included: 12 cases of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia, 14 of T Prolymphocytic Leukemia, 18 of Adult T Cell Leukemia, 20 of Sézary Syndrome and 24 of Peripheral T Lymphoma The results demonstrate that Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry is a reliable and safe technique to clarify the diagnosis of patients with CLLD. Furthermore, it was possible to identify monoclonality in Blineage CLLD, and the use of a specific panel proved beneficial in the diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma.