Regulação de RNAs não-codificantes na Fibrilação Atrial

Abstract

Background: During the cardiac activity, cell signaling pathways are activated, so that the contractility process, electrical conduction, and vascularization occur effectively. However, endogenous factors can signal significant changes in natural biological processes, inducing cardiac physiopathology. Among these pathologies, there is atrial fibrillation, AF, the most prevalent type of arrhythmia worldwide. The AF diagnosis is made by the ECG, however, many patients are asymptomatic, besides can, there is a short duration of fibrillation. These characteristics make early detection difficult, leading to late diagnosis. Non-coding RNAs, ncRNAs, play a relevant modulatory activity and a promising role as potential targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of AF, including miRNAs, as well as lncRNAs and circRNAs, which perform, among other functions, the activity capture of miRNAs. Objectives: The role of ncRNA in biological processes involved in AF has integrated the main objective of this study, to obtain a greater understanding of the mechanisms with which they are related. Data sources and methods: The research in the PubMed database to describe the scientific findings between FA and ncRNAs was carried out, as well as experimental analyzes to assess the role of miRNAs in this disease and associated conditions. Results: The narrative review articles demonstrated the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for AF, as well as lncRNAs, and circRNAs involved in cardiac processes associated with AF pathophysiology. Experimental articles demonstrated that circulating miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-133b, miR-328, and miR-499, act in AF, characterizing potential targets for this disease. Also, it was demonstrated the activity of miR-133b in the regulation of cardiac cells. The data suggested that miR-133b modulates the expression of some mRNA expressed in the heart, and that can be regulated by different lncRNAs and circRNAs. These findings allowed an improved conception of the importance of ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of this disease and associated conditions. Conclusion: miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs regulate the cardiac electrical and structural activity, participating in the pathophysiology of AF, and demonstrating the biotechnological potential for future applications as differential markers to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease.