Estudo do Mandacaru (Cereus Jamacaru DC) in natura e modificado como biosorvente para o óleo diesel

Abstract

The spill and leakage of oil and byproducts in water and soil, has been a challenge for Brazil and the world, due to the high toxicity and mobility of hydrocarbons. One of the most efficient methods to minimize this type of contamination is the use of Sorption processes. Currently, synthetic sorbets are the most used in oil spill, due to its great oleophilic and hydrophobic properties, however their high costs justified the search for alternative adsorbents. Biosorbets have been excelling as an alternative method to remove organic contaminants, once that they are biodegradable, have high natural availability, low cost, and a good absorption capacity. The objective of this research was to propose the use of Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.) as alternative sorbet to remove diesel fuel S-10. The biomass was characterized by the following techniques FTIR,TG/DTG, DSC, SEM, CHNO, Wettability/contact angle, moisture and ash content. The dry tests were performed in static regime into granulometric ranges MS35 (≥ 500 µm), MS100 (< 500-150 µm), MS230 (< 75- 63 µm). The sorption capacity increased between 42 and 78%, with the decrease in granulometry, showing the importance to control the particle size. The Microemulsion showed to be efficient, promoting an increase of oil sorption in all the modified samples, when compared to the untreated sample, promoting the oil/sorbet interaction. The modification MS100µ1 increased significantly the sorption capacity, 111%, changing the morphology, gain of surface area and porosity. The bicontinuous and reverse micelles also presented good results, increasing sorption between 54 and 21%, respectively. The results were satisfactory, once that they presented values consistent to ones reported by the literature. Comparing the MS100µ1 with Canadian Peat (PeatSorb ®), used by Petrobras to remediate oil spills, the modified Mandacaru presented a sorption capacity 29% higher, showing its viability in case of a dry spill, capable to replace the commercial sorbent.