Validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem trauma vascular em pacientes oncológicos submetidos à terapia antineoplásica

Abstract

The venous trauma is frequent in patients submitted to antineoplastic therapy, and is mainly related to the reduction in visibility, palpation and reduction in network venous caliber during the treatment. Although an expressive amount of existing diagnoses in Nanda International is identified, "vascular trauma" is not contemplated. Studies of validation of nursing diagnoses are of great value for legitimizing the specific events, as well as for the construction of diagnoses that are not yet contemplated by the taxonomy. The present study aimed to validate the diagnosis of vascular trauma in patients submitted to antineoplastic therapy. It was a methodological study, developed in three stages: concept analysis, content analysis with 9 experts through focal group and analysis of the accuracy of clinical indicators was performed with 200 subjects from the referral oncology hospital in northeast Brazil. The analysis of the accuracy of clinical indicators was performed based on three different adjusted models from analysis of latent classes. The project was forwarded to the Ethics Committee of the Liga Norte Riograndense Contra Câncer, respecting the ethical aspects in human related research, according to Resolution no. 466/12 of the Conselho Nacional de Saúde. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee from the responsible institution under the advice number 1.717.695 and CAAE number 57967816.3.0000.5293. The results presented were analyzed 56 articles, being possible to analyze the concept with the mark of four attributes, 13 antecedents and 13 consequents. The second phase, as result from content expert analysis, remained three attributes, 13 related factors and 11 defined characteristics after some adjustments. The last model presented 11,17% of the patients with vascular Trauma, showing the best result. Analyzing the clinical indicators, "Decreased vascular elasticity", "Pain" and "Signs of infection at the site of catheter insertion" presented high specificity values. Thus, the study supported the nursing “Vascular trauma” diagnosis is valid in patients with cancer submitted to antineoplastic therapy. Thus, the study contributed to expand of own nursing knowledge and to improve the nurses diagnostic reasoning in clinical practice.