Materiais catalíticos à base de Ni e Co suportados em SBA-15 para aplicação em reforma a vapor do etanol e reforma a seco do metano

Abstract

In the last years, the processes of reform for the production of hydrogen as an energetic vector have been well studied because of the increase of the demand for alternative technologies of energy generation, showing a good relation cost/benefit when compared to other technologies of hydrogen production. In addition, they have advantages from an environmental point of view, not contributing to the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. However, hydrogen production through reform processes, while promising, still presents many technological bottlenecks, requiring advances in new materials with catalytic properties. In this proposal, the goal of this work is to obtain catalytic materials with high reactivity and selectivity for products in the face of reactions of steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) and dry reforming of methane (DRM). Catalysts based on nickel and cobalt supported on SBA-15 were prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized before and after the catalytic tests by several techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT- IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), Nitrogen Adsorption and Desorption, X-ray Diffraction in situ (XRD in situ), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Spectroscopy (ES) to understanding the mechanisms involved in the reforming reactions and also responsible for the deposition of carbon on the catalysts. The catalysts tested against the steam reaction of ethanol for 6 hours at 500 ºC presented an initial conversion around 80-100 %, with H2 (60-70 %), CO2 (18-23 %) and only traces of CO (0.5-10 %), but they suffered a rapid deactivation in the first hours of test, being more promising in the dry reforming reaction of methane, which showed good activity and stability during 10 hours of reaction at 700 ºC with conversions (CH4 and CO2) and H2 yields above 80 % and low carbon deposition.