O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) e suas repercussões na avaliação da aprendizagem de Geografia

Abstract

Thinking about evaluation in Geography teaching is also thinking about teaching and its socio-educational contexts, which includes school culture and space, the time and those who are involved in this process. Considering the studies regarding to teaching practice and learning evaluation, this work aims to analyze the influence of the High School National Exam (ENEM) in the procedures of evaluation used by Geography teachers in senior high school classes in public schools of Natal, RN. Therefore, this work is theoretically based on authors who are at the interface between Geography, Teaching and Education, such as Santos (2006), Morin (2014), Cavalcanti (1998), Vesentini (2009/2013), Tardif (2002), Zabala (1998), Luckesi (2011) and Libâneo (2013). The study was developed from an exploratory survey conducted in five public schools of Natal, with the participation of 5 Geography teachers and 218 senior high school students. Methodologically, data collection was carried out in microdata of Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and, for the purpose of defining empirical cut-off, it was used the probabilistic sampling technique for choosing the schools. Qualitative approach was used for the collection and processing of data, obtained through participant observation, field diary, questionnaires for the students, semi-structured interviews with the Geography teachers involved, collection and document analysis. The contact with school and the results obtained showed that, based on the guidelines proposed by the New ENEM, it is possible to think about evaluation procedures and strategies more contextualized with the reality lived in public schools. However, there were considerable challenges when we relate the proposal of the evaluation recommended by the New ENEM to the existent records in the participant public schools, as well as in the reports presented by the students and teachers of these institutions: infrastructure conditions that do not potentialize the teaching and learning process, absence of activities of continuing education courses for teachers (specially those related to learning evaluation and to ENEM), among other challenges. Thus, pedagogical and research actions, which seek to investigate the processes of evaluation in the teaching and learning of Geography, are fundamental, for they contribute to critical thinking and lead / sensitize to a more meaningful formative process of Geographical knowledge construction in Basic Education schools.