Crianças com microcefalia associada à síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika (SCZ): uma condição relacionada ao baixo peso ou excesso de peso na infância?

Abstract

From the question “are there nutritional deviations in children with SCZ-associated microcephaly?”, a narrative literature review is carried out, organized in the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA), which were included from studies carried out with children with associated microcephaly to SZC with results of anthropometric nutritional indices, of any type of design, dated between 2010 and 2021. Data collection took place through the Embase, Scopus and Pubmed databases were used as a search strategy: ((Infants OR child OR children)) AND (microcephaly) AND (ZIKA virus) AND ((nutritional status OR nutrition)) and for the Lilacs and Scielo databases: lactente OR criança OR crianças AND microcefalia AND zika vírus AND estado nutricional OR ciências da nutrição, in addition to searching cited references and repositories. A total of 203 studies were found, which, after eligibility criteria, totaled nine studies for the construction of this review. Nutritional deviations and compromised nutritional status were evidenced from the classifications of underweight, short stature, risk of overweight and overweight with expressive percentages both at birth and at follow-up, and these were associated with exclusive breastfeeding time and continuous breastfeeding, the presence dysphagia, inadequate food intake, high consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, in addition to reports of reflux, presence of seizures and intestinal constipation. Thus, the few data in the advanced literature show that there are nutritional deviations in children with microcephaly associated with SCZ and these, in turn, are influenced by spontaneous findings by the authors. This review is of great value to systematize the data in a nutritional care protocol in clinical practice, improving the quality of life of these children and training professionals. In addition, the need to assess the accuracy of the growth curves of the World Health Organization (WHO) in detriment to the definition of specific curves for nutritional assessment of these children was also clear.