Influência da sazonalidade no teor de fenólicos e no perfil cromatográfico do extrato hidroetanólico das cascas de Commiphora leptophloeos (imburana)

Abstract

The species Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett, popularly known as imburana or umburana-do-cambão, is a non-endemic plant native to Brazil, currently present in most Brazilian regions with the exception of the South region. The species is commonly found in the caatinga biome. The plant is used in carpentry, construction, application in agricultural systems, maintenance of biodiversity and in folk medicine in the form of infusions and decoctions for the treatment of stomach diseases, coughs, bronchitis, nausea, problems related to the urinary tract and diabetes. Vivo pharmacological studies with the species have highlighted its potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and candidiasis resistant to fluconazole. Regarding chemical composition, the presence of glycosylated flavonoids in the leaves and condensed tannins of the procyanidin type in the bark is mainly reported. However, there are no studies that evaluate the impact of the seasonal effect on the production of the species' secondary metabolites. This research aimed to verify the influence of seasonality on the total phenolic content and on the chromatographic profile of the stem bark extract of Commiphora leptophleos. The study was carried out through monthly collection of plant raw material, from august 2023 to march 2024. For this, three independent extracts were prepared from each collection. Sequentially, the phenolic compounds were measured, in addition to the evaluation of the phytochemical profile using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Ultra Efficiency Liquid Chromatography coupled to the Diode Array Detector (UHPLC – DAD). The dosage of phenolic compounds was analyzed using ANOVA statistical tests and, as post hoc, the turkey test using the GraphPad Prism version 6.0 program. As a result, for the measurement of phenolic compounds, although a lower level of these metabolites was observed in the month of november, and a higher level between the months of february and march, there was no significant difference between both samples. Regarding the phytochemical profile, no qualitative changes were detected in the fingerprint either in the TLC or in the UHPLC – DAD during the collection months. In this preliminary study, it was observed that the periods of drought and rain, characteristic of the caatinga biome, did not significantly influence the total phenolic content of the stem bark and did not qualitatively interfere with the chromatographic profile of the species.