Caminhos da Deusa na Wicca Diânica do Brasil frente a desafios contemporâneos

Abstract

The 21st century is a collapsed system, the result of values that were associated with various currents of Western culture, including the scientific revolution, the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. This emphasis, supported by the patriarchal civilization model - the split between nature and culture, established by progress and reason - and encouraged by the predominance of this culture, led to a profound imbalance in thoughts and feelings, values and attitudes, and in social, economic and political structures. In the West, it is not just science, economics and politics that are imbued with the male paradigm; a society maintains the eternal promulgated by the Judeo-Christian religions that God was always male (EISLER, 1997; CAMPBELL, 2015). Given this context, questions may be asked: How does Wicca, a religion centered on the Goddess, that is, based on a spirituality of the divine feminine, contribute to facing contemporary challenges? More specifically, we ask: How do adherents of Wicca in Brazil see and induce these challenges and confrontations? In this panorama, we are interested identify which practices and experiences enable a response to the crisis of current and ongoing paradigms. Aware of the multiplicity of challenges and confrontations that make up the current scenario, we created an interview script that could identify, from the perspective of Wiccans in Brazil, the most urgent challenges, as well as their practices and experiences in facing these challenges. The qualitative approach, carried out through a structured interview script, with open questions, enabled the identification of two major challenges: the female condition and the ecological and environmental crisis. We interviewed Wiccan adherents belonging to the Dianic Tradition of Brazil (TDB) and the Dianic Nemorensis Tradition (TDN). Both are pioneer traditions formed in Brazil and follow an orientation known as Dianic Wicca, that is, they worship the Goddess and God in their rituals, the emphasis is on the Goddess though. The field research took place in São Paulo (SP) and Brasília (DF). In addition to the interviews, we used as a source the literature produced by Wiccan authors, represented by Brazilian, European and North American authors. We seek a dialogue with theoretical contributions from authors in the fields of sociology, anthropology, history, psychology, philosophy, biology and physics. The argument of this work is that in the Wicca from Brazil resides a movement of practices and experiences guided by the mythical and the rite, whose cosmovision allows a search to articulate the conscious feminine and masculine, in the direction of strengthening the anima in men and women through supporting for women - evoking a system of partnership; - in celebration with Nature and in magical activism and political engagement. In this sense, there is an attempt to build other everyday subjectivities, creators of other ways of living.