Qual o melhor momento para a realização da terapia cirúrgica para mudança do fenótipo periodontal em pacientes ortodônticos? Uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Orthodontic patients are at greater risk of developing mucogingival changes, especially those with a thin gingival phenotype. The aim of this scoping review is to examine evidence on the impact of surgical phenotype modification therapy before or after orthodontic treatment in patients with a thin gingival phenotype. The research was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Lilacs, and Scopus). A total of 261 articles were found, plus 14 from manual searches of the grey literature, totaling 275. Of these, 10 English articles were included, ranging from literature reviews and case reports to clinical and preclinical trials. Various surgical methods and types of grafts were used with good results, predominantly autogenous connective tissue and free gingival grafts. The analyses showed that the prior surgical timing is the most prevalent in the literature, though the optimal period remains unclear. While the pioneering studies present promising results, the absence of a clinical protocol is evident, revealing gaps regarding the surgical timing, age range, and study criteria.