Implementação de sistema de transmissão de dados através da linha de potência dos poços com o método de elevação bombeio centrífugo submerso

Abstract

Power Line Communication (PLC) is a widely used data transfer technology in the industrial world. In the petroleum industry, this technology has been applied to the artificial lift method using the Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) to transfer the data from the bottom of the well to the surface through the same cable that feeds the motor. In the first part of this project, electrical characteristics of a 2,236 meters long ESP cable were measured, such as distributed inductances, capacitances, and impedances. An electric model elaborated from these measurements proposes to reproduce the impedance behavior for a range of frequency from 20 Hz to 10 MHz. The prototype of a data transfer system was developed to send up information about measured variables to the bottom of the well, providing operators and experts an overview about the behavior of the pump and motor. The data transfer took place serially, by DC current signal, with the three-phase cable as a single conductor and the ground connection/wire as a return path. A communication protocol has been developed, ensuring interaction between the modules. The prototypes were initially evaluated in the laboratory with an equipment arrangement that provides a simplified scenario of the ESP system. In a more realistic situation, the modules have been undergone to actual operating conditions through testing in a 30-meter-deep test with ESP equipment. In general, the final results achieved with the transmitter and receiver prototypes, especially considering the ESP installation, have proved their efficiency in the face of low packet loss.