O que dizem os curumins-alunos mendonças do amarelão sobre a escola: elementos para pensar o sucesso e o fracasso escolar

Abstract

The main subjects of this research were the curumins-students at the Amarelão Indigenous Municipal School who attended the 5th grade of elementary school in 2023. The choice of 5th grade was due to the fact that according to the National Institute of Studies and Research INEP (2017), the failure rate in 5th grade was 54.8% and the pass rate was 45.2% and 0% of school dropouts in 2018. The context investigated was also chosen because the Potiguara people, who live in the Mendonças do Amarelão indigenous territory, make up the largest indigenous community in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodological procedures involved field research in a 5th grade class with 16 children aged between 10 and 15. To this end, we held meetings with the students both in groups in the classroom with the screening of the short film Vida Maria and the telling of the story, The Boy Who Learned to See, and individually through interviews and questionnaires. For theoretical support, we anchored ourselves in Cultural Studies in Education with authors such as Stuart Hall (1997), Bonin, Ripoll and Aguiar (2003) and Costa, Silveira and Sommer (2003). To help us understand the phenomenon of "School Failure and Success", we used authors such as Patto (2010), Bossa (2002), Álvaro Marchesi and Carlos Hernández (2004) Teodoro (2006), Charlout (2006), Esteban (2009) and Sores (1997). To discuss indigenous education and indigenous school education, we drew on the studies of Baniwa (2019), Mèlia (1979), Cohn (2005) and Bonin, Ripoll, Aguiar (2015), Bonin (2022), Brito (2000). Based on the analysis of the data, the main results of the research show that 31% of the indigenous children in the class surveyed do not know how to read or write and that 50% reported difficulties in learning mathematics, which can compromise their entire school development. The children live with the culture of cashew nut cracking and some already work to help their parents. They are intelligent children who have dreams of becoming soccer players, doctors, teachers and having a better future. The indigenous school is in the process of being adapted to guarantee an indigenous school education. The children experience indigenous culture in specific activities such as the Toré dance and plays about the community's history. For the Curumins, success is related to happiness, health and being able to count on someone by their side, and failure is when they don't learn to read and write and are alone