Diretrizes para utilização de hidrogênio verde no sistema de transporte urbano do Brasil

Abstract

Amidst the climate crisis, replacing fossil fuels with renewable alternatives, such as green hydrogen (GH₂), is essential. In the transport sector, hydrogen (H₂) plays a strategic role in the decarbonization process, offering technical feasibility along with environmental, social, and economic benefits. This research aims to propose guidelines for the use of GH₂ in Brazil’s urban transport system. The methodological approach was divided into three phases: (i) a systematic literature review (SLR) on the application of GH₂ in urban transport; (ii) case studies of countries with established GH₂ strategies in the transport sector, namely Germany, China, the United States, and Japan; and (iii) the development of guidelines based on the Brazilian case, validated by a panel of experts. As a result, 32 guidelines were formulated and categorized into eight analytical dimensions: (i) environmental, (ii) social, (iii) economic, (iv) infrastructure, (v) research, development, and innovation (R&D&I) and technological alternatives, (vi) safety, (vii) regulation, and (viii) marketing. These guidelines are intended to support decision-making processes for adopting GH₂ as a fuel in Brazil’s urban mobility system and can be adapted by other countries interested in establishing their own strategies, given the detailed methodological framework presented in this study. Additionally, the research presents a comparative analysis of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and battery electric vehicles, highlighting the most sustainable option for urban transport. The study also discusses the distribution of GH₂ through natural gas pipeline networks. Finally, it identifies refueling infrastructure as a key factor for the viability of GH₂ in the transport sector, emphasizing the importance of financial incentives and government investments to promote its development.