Desenvolvimento e caracterização de compósitos hibridos reforçados a partir de mantas de fibra de vidro descartadas pela indústria eólica e fibras naturais

Abstract

The use of wind energy on a large scale has already shown its benefits with major projects around the world. Due to the low technological level of the productive processes of the wind towers components, the generation of enormous amounts of waste occurs, which can cause negative impact to the environment. One of the main components for the design of wind generators are the blades. They are produced by laminating of large molds that contain, among other components, glass fiber in the form of nonwoven, of which 10% to 15% of flaps are eliminated at the time of cutting during manufacture. One way of avoiding the problem of discarding waste from the production of wind turbines is to reuse them in the development of composites. Composite materials, driven by the aerospace and military industries, have developed quite significantly in recent years, proliferating in several areas due to their unique properties, such as; High mechanical strength, low density, excellent thermal and corrosion resistance among others. The Jute fiber presented a low cost, easily found in the region and presented good resistance results, was used in different densities to verify its influence on the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. The present work aims to develop hybrid composite materials (natural fiber + glass fiber) with polyester resins , evaluating the influence of the use of fiberglass residues from the wind industry. Density, count yarns, twist tests were used to characterize the reinforcement materials, as well as fiber content, tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weathering analyzes for the performance of the composites developed. The results obtained with the reinforced composites with three layers of glass, when subjected to tensile tests, presented values 10 times higher than the material without reinforcement. In the flexural tests, when compared, the forces used were between 117 N for non-reinforced materials and 691 N for reinforced composites with three layers of glass, opening new opportunities for the development of materials produced with substrates that are normally discarded for the environment.