Síntese e imobilização de nanopartículas de fibroína em substrato têxtil: avaliação da citotoxicidade e adesão celular

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in the research interest on new nanoscale materials, as they are being used in diversified areas with enormous possibilities of applications. The main focus in the textile area is the development of multifunctional materials to be used as antimicrobials in the biomedical area. Even though, a material to exercise its function, it is necessary to certify that the product is nontoxic and can be degraded in the human organism without delivering any possible toxins. Within this context, fibroin, which is a biomaterial and highly versatile and is present in the silk cocoons (Bombyx mori), is being constantly studied for its excellent capacity to adapt to changes, and can transform into spherical nanometric particles. The present dissertation proposes to present a viable solution in the production of fibroin nanoparticles, through a methodology of ternary diagram. After the synthesis, the samples were characterised for their particle size and zeta potential (using Nanosizer), x-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The fibroin nanoparticles and PLA were immobilised on a soya knit fabric, which was functionalized with chitosan. These were analysed using FTIR and cytotoxicity tests were carried out through the Evaluation of Direct Calorimetric (MTT) assay and cellular adhesion. The evaluation of cell viability showed the NPF's as a non-cytotoxic material at low concentrations, confirming that the method of obtaining the nanoparticles by ternary system is an effective and low cost alternative where it presents a great potential for use as biomaterial due to its mechanical resistance, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The results from the DLA and FTIR tests showed the formation of silk fibroin nanoparticles with measurements between 48 and 156 nm and the value of the zeta-potential was -19.95Ω. The evaluation of cell viability showed the NPF's as a non-cytotoxic material at low concentrations, confirming that the method of obtaining the nanoparticles by ternary system is an effective and low cost alternative where it presents a great potential for use as biomaterial due to its mechanical resistance, biocompatibility and biodegradability.