Um olhar sobre o tamanho da prole das mulheres indígenas à luz do capital cultural e econômico, Brasil, 2010

Abstract

The fertility transition in Brazil, as in other Latin American countries, presented a sharp and rapid decline and differences between the groups with better and worse socioeconomic conditions. Among the population groups with lower socioeconomic situations in Brazil include indigenous peoples, which are highlighted by the highest levels of fertility in comparison with non-Indians. However, between 1991 and 2000, women who declared themselves indigenous to the respective population census was classified as a significant reduction in fertility levels, giving evidence that these populations accompanying the decline in fertility that has occurred in the country. Thus, this study aims to estimate the fertility of indigenous women in Brazil in 2010, in the light of their cultural and economic capital profiles. Therefore, we used micro data of Census 2010 to apply the method Grade of Membership (GoM) to construct a typology of indigenous women taking into consideration the dimensions: demographic, cultural and economic capital and household characteristics. Additionally, we estimated the fertility levels obtained for each of the profiles, using the indirect technique Brass. The typology of indigenous women found in this work revealed three pure profiles: the first women profiled on "capital traditionally indian", which have characteristics of a indigenous population, practicing their traditions and live in hollow or tents, for example. At the other extreme profile met indigenous women living in urban areas, which in the context of indigenous peoples, was classified as the highest levels of education and household income, the profile which is known as "capital urbanized ". A third profile entitled "capital intermediary", inhabitants rural women with intermediate education level and household income, and living in households without public sanitation services. The results found for each profile fertility level was found: A Total Fertility Rate of 5.9 children on average per woman for the profile with capital traditionally indian, the capital of which has distance from the dominant capital (not - indígena) and corresponding to 13.9% of indigenous women; the profile of women with capital intermediary, also was classified as a high level of fertility (5.5 children), even though it has a smaller representative in the group of indigenous women (6.3%), make up a group that lacks more attention by government institutions. But the profile of women with capital urbanized, whose representative corresponds to 43.9%, reached a lower level than the national average (3.9 children) for this population segment, showing a very close behavior to the surrounding society. Finally, the study shows the importance of thinking reproductive health policies sensitive to cultural aspects to different groups of indigenous women found.