Construção dos componentes do diagnóstico de enfermagem atraso no desenvolvimento

Abstract

The adolescence represents a vital phase on the human’s development process, tagged by biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial transformations. Those changes are shaped by biological and social means. Therefore, the study’s objective is to build a nursing diagnostic regarding the teenagers’ developmental delay based on the literature. An analysis of concept was made, according to the referential of Walker and Avant, of which was operationalized by an integrative review. The used database were: SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, Latin – American and Caribbean Literature in Health Science, Web of Science and Science Direct and the Journal of Human Growth and Development. The crossing of the following descriptors, Developmental Disabilities, Growth and Development and Adolescent with the keywords, cognitive development, physical development, sexual maturity, delay and delayed puberty allowed to obtain an initial sample of 20,402 references that passed through three stages of evaluation, to know: Reading of title and summary, consensus with the research group and full reading of the selected references. The final sample resulted on a total of 51 references, which were precisely analyzed for the identification of four attributes; 15 antecedents and 16 consequents; this last was distributed on the biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial domains. The proposed structure for the nursing diagnostic is: Title – Teenagers’ development delay; domain – 13; class – 2; definition – Development below the expected for individuals between 10 and 19 years, caused by a delay on one or more of the following fields: cognition, behavior, social and pubertal; Defining characteristics – Biosocial domain – Low Self–esteem; dissatisfaction with its own image and delayed sexual maturity; Cognitive domain – Low scholar development; harmed daily activities; impaired oral communication; deficit on the executive and hyperactivity function; Psychosocial domain – behavior’s externalization; behavior’s internalization; difficult to express emotions; passive or dependent confrontation; emotional uncertainty and eating disorders; relate factors – abuse of psychotropic substances, unfavorable family environment, obstetric maternal conditions and neonatal, malnutrition, genetic disorders, chronic illness, adverse effects of medicine, exposure to toxic substances, infections, brain damage, social exclusion, non – acceptance of the body changes on puberty, obesity, emotional deprivation and physical trauma. This way, it is possible to conclude that the teenagers’ development delay is wide and involves relevant aspects that can contribute for the nurses’ clinical practices. In addition to this, it is believed that studies of this nature are an important base for the growth of nursing’s scientific body, subsidizing the development of proprietary technologies on the field.