Canteiro de obras em construção: o container naval adaptado à arquitetura

Abstract

The architecture of the construction site - with regard to the design of its buildings and layout, considering environmental comfort and sustainability aspects, up to its own implementation -, is overlooked during the construction of buildings in Brazil. From an architectural point of view, such disregard of the building site, whose design is solely defined by civil engineering, is important to be assessed, as it is revealing of human needs, beyond the physical and economic aspects of the sheds. Currently, the use of the containers as part of a building system is presented as an alternative for physical and economical reasons related to sustainability, being increasingly used as an option in site works. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop an architectural design for a construction site with the use of containers in order to provide environmental comfort to its users. The architectural proposal relies on re-used and adapted shipping containers (focusing on the promotion of environmental comfort) to support the construction of an enterprise with approximately 52.500,00m², to be built in the high-density zone of the city of Natal / RN. The design method’s stages include a review of the literature on buildings and layouts used in construction activities, besides reviewing themes of environmental comfort, sustainable development and bioclimatic architecture. Also, data gathered during visits to building sites in Brazil and in the United States; analysis of design conditions; the design concepts; study of the design problem (the architectural programming and the preliminary design); as well as the adaptation requirements for the constructive system in order to define architecture, are presented as part of the design method’s stages. The evolution of the design process made possible to define five environmental comfort adaptations for the container, which were validated through technical simulations and calculations, besides setting the cost of these changes to the reuse of the "metal box". Architecture then regains the command of the idealization of the construction site, using disciplines of its field of knowledge, considering aspects of cost and promoting environmental comfort to the construction workers.