Turismo e povos tradicionais: perspectivas territoriais na Comunidade Quilombola do Cumbe/CE

Abstract

In face of the reorientation of land use and occupation for the institution of tourism practice and the changes that have occurred in the lands traditionally occupied by quilombola communities since the installation of large enterprises, the objective was to understand how tourism acts in the deterritorializing and reterritorializing processes that arise in these territories. To this end, the Cumbe / CE community was investigated through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with residents and questionnaires with visitors. Thus, conventional tourism, like large enterprises, allows for an unequal distribution of costs and benefits in which costs are mostly borne by the community, while the benefits are enjoyed by "non-community" entrepreneurs or tourists. These costs are illustrated by the socio-environmental impacts on the lands that ensure symbolic reproduction and subsistence, implying the precariousness of such environments. The territorial deprivation due to the privatization of accesses given through the purchase of land by businessmen and vacationers, and also to the exclusion of the cumbenses in spaces oriented to the tourist practices justified by the socioeconomic asymmetry between the community and the visitors. However, in view of the recent mobilization of the community in the self-management of tourism, it was noticed that this activity began to act as a reterritorializing instrument based on the ethnic reinforcement promoted by the cultivation of the local character in tourist practices, from the establishment of conditions that enable the coexistence of the activity tourism and traditional economic practices, as well as promoting greater visibility of the territorial conflicts that arise in the community.