Aplicação do algoritmo DSM à determinação do posicionamento de bases descentralizadas do SAMU/Natal com uso de simulação

Abstract

The growth of the urban population raises the concern of municipal public managers in providing emergency medical care that meets the needs of emergency pre-hospital medical care. Estimates indicate that, by 2050, urban areas should have a population of 6.29 billion people, equivalent to 69% of the world's total population. There are a significant number of traffic accidents and other serious incidents such as heart attacks, drownings, fires and disasters (floods, landslides, earthquakes). Studies conducted in Latin America (mainly in Brazil) show that most of the deaths in this locality are caused by urban violence and vehicular traffic. In Brazil, the numbers that endorse this statement show that in the respective country in 2014 there were 43,075 deaths related to traffic and in 2016 registered 62,517 homicides with fatal victims. In this scenario, the objective of this dissertation is to apply a dual-coverage mathematical model (DSM-Double Standard Model) to define the optimal location of the SAMU decentralized bases in the city of Natal / RN and conduct a simulation study to evaluate the displacement of ambulances between these bases according to the row parameters. The results expressed in this dissertation corroborate the feasibility of redefining the decentralized bases of the SAMU / Natal ambulances as a strategy to reduce response time and guarantee compliance with performance parameters established by international organizations (the World Health Organization, for example, establishes the time of 8 minutes for the attendance of calls by the emergency medical service). The simulation study showed a significant reduction in the response time (in some cases, a reduction of 60%) after redefinition of ambulance dispatch bases.