"Nos bares na lama, nos lares, na cama?": uma análise ontológica da violência contra a mulher em situação de rua no Brasil contemporâneo

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze violence against homeless woman in the current Brazilian context, in order to consider the particularities of gender in the population phenomenon in street situation in contemporary times. By this way, we consider the historical movement of humanity, in order to apprehend the determinations in the life of homeless woman in the sphere of social reproduction. We use the materialist-historical method, since such a problem must be observed from the dialectical process of construction and deconstruction of the various expressions of the social question in contemporary capitalism, in considering its real structures. In order to understand violence against street women as one of the complex constituents of the reality of the phenomenon of street population in its essence, we use gender discussions from the category of "gender’s patriarcal relationships” category, since it denotes the determination of patriarchy in the complex expressions, in the sphere of the sexual division of labor and its nuances in social relations. In order to apprehend the configuration of the population on the street in the face of the advance of the productive forces, we propose an approach of the configurations in the "relative superpopulation" and of violence as the basic and authentic categories of the capitalist dynamics. Thus, because it is not an isolated phenomenon, we observe the contradictions that permeate the lives of street individuals, especially women, to understand the rights, policies, and movement of organization of this population. The whole study will be guided by the bibliographical references from the mutual dialogue of the classical theorists Gyorgy Lukács and Karl Marx with the modern authors Heleieth Safiotti, Sérgio Lessa, José Paulo Netto, Mirla Cisne, Marilena Chaui, Márcia Tiburi, Ricardo Antunes, Marilda Iamamoto, Silvia Federici, Angela Davis, Helena Hirata, among others. We used articles, dissertations, studies about the phenomena population in street situation, especially those referring to the reality of women in this condition, which were based on the following categories "work" and "women in the street" for research. With regard to policies and rights, data, censuses and plans of this population were used to consider the year of the first survey of Population in Situation of Street (2008), which permeates the whole study and has a better emphasis in the last chapter, where we analyzed the reports of street women from the cities of São Paulo / SP and Natal / RN, aiming at a closer analysis of the total life of women in the street, to consider their objectivities and subjectivities. Finally, it is considered that the lack of data and studies on the subject m/atter reflects the place where women were historically located in capitalist society, thus, violence against women on the street is an inherent phenomenon the current society, aggravated by the particularities of gender.