DBIO - Departamento Biologia

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Body weight of wild and captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus)
(Springer Velag, 2000) Araújo, Arrilton; Arruda, M. F.; Alencar, A. I.; Albuquerque, F.; Nascimento, M. C.; Yamamoto, M. E.
Captive studies and occasional trappings of wild individuals indicate that callitrichids have small size and body weight and lack sexual dimorphism. We compared body weights of captive and wild Callithrix jacchus obtained by repeatedly weighing subjects from two populations in Brazil. We obtained captive data by routinely weighing 138 individuals from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte colony and wild data via regular trapping of 243 individuals in 15 free-ranging groups from IBAMA’s field site in Nı´sia Floresta. We assigned all subjects to one of four age classes—infant, juvenile, subadult, and adult—according to their birth dates or size, reproductive status, and dental development. There is no significant difference between males and females in any of the four age classes, but captive subjects were heavier than wild ones in all age classes but infant. Reproductive and nonreproductive adult females showed no statistical difference in weight. These results accord with previous reports of lack of body size sexual dimorphism in common marmosets and suggest that differences between wild and captive common marmosets are not constitutional, but are instead a consequence of diet and physical activity. The absence of weight difference between reproductive and nonreproductive females suggests that any possible advantage from high rank is outweighed by the costs of reproduction in common marmosets
Vocabulário Inglês/Português de termos da área de Etologia
(Sociedade Brasileira de Etologia, 2002) Sousa, Arrilton Araújo de; Pinto, Cristina Maria Henrique; Santos, Cristina V.; Albuquerque, Fabíola da Silva; Genaro, Gelson; Xavier, Gilberto Fernando; Bueno, José Lino de Oliveira; Claro, Kleber Del; Machado Filho, Luiz Carlos Pinheiro; Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de; Costa, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da
Sob os auspícios da Sociedade Brasileira de Etologia (SBEt) foi elaborado, este vocabulário inglês/português na área do comportamento animal, incluindo 775 termos de Etologia, Psicologia Comparativa e Experimental, Ecologia Comportamental, Etologia humana e Neuroetologia e outros, visando uniformizar o uso dos termos básicos a respeito de comportamento animal em língua portuguesa
Male behavioral response to the urine odor of females in lesser mouse lemur (microcebus murinus miller, 1777) (cheirogaleidae, primates)
(Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2003) Souza, Arrilton Araújo de
Chemical signals play an important role in Microcebus murinus Miller, 1777 social communication, a representative species of prosimians. It presents the major and vomeronasal olfactory systems and uses mainly urine for chemical marking. I studied the effect of females’ urine on the behavior of 14 males in 3 group conditions: intact, vomeronasalectomized (VNx) and bulbectomized (Bx). Stimuli presented were pro-estrus female’s urine, post-estrus female’s urine, distilled water and female’s presence. The groups were submitted to two phases: familiarization in the cage (3 days), and experimental stage (4 days) when each stimulus was presented for 30 min once a day. Results showed that intact males could discriminate different chemical stimuli; VNx males continued to discriminate stimuli using the major olfactory system but not as efficiently as intact animals; Bx animals did not perform any olfactory discrimination. The reduction in olfactory discrimination by VNx and Bx males may have been due to a central action of bulb activity
Behavioral strategies and hormonal profiles of dominant and subordinate common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) females in wild monogamous groups
(Wiley, 2005) Sousa, Maria Bernadete Cordeiro; Rocha, Ana Claudia Sales da; Albuquerque, Fabiola da Silva; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Yamamoto, Maria Emilia; Arruda, Maria de Fatima
New insights into the mating systems of common marmosets suggest that they are mainly monogamous, although polygyny and polyandry occasionally occur. Long-term monitoring of wild common marmosets has shown that some reports of polygynous groups (i.e., groups that contain more than one reproducing female) in fact indicate an unbalanced reproductive output associated with extragroup copulation. In this study we describe the behavioral and hormonal profiles of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) females living in three wild monogamous groups (Q, PBf, and T), varying from five to 11 individuals, at Nı´sia Floresta field station, RN, Brazil. The mating system of the groups was previously characterized in terms of affiliative, sexual, and mate-guarding behaviors. Behavioral data were collected once a week, and fecal samples were collected at least twice a week for 10–16 months, depending on the group. A preferential allogrooming relationship was recorded between dominant males and females. Under field conditions the reproductive inhibition of subordinate females appears to be more behavioral than hormonal, since subordinate females of the three groups ovulated and two conceived during the study. In these cases, the subordinate and dominant females reproduced 1 month apart, and infanticide (one case confirmed and one suspected) appeared to be part of the reproductive strategy of dominant females. Following the infanticide, ovarian inhibition (group T) or emigration and return to the natal group (group PBf) were observed. In the third group (Q) the subordinate female, showed hormonal profiles compatible with pregnancy, but no infants were seen. These findings reflect the different alternatives that wild subordinate common marmoset females use to reproduce.
Foraging behavior of the queenless ant dinoponera quadriceps santschi (hymenoptera: formicidae)
(Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 2006) Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Rodrigues, Zenilde
A procura e ingestão de alimentos são essenciais para qualquer animal, que gasta a maior parte de sua vida procurando os recursos alimentares, inclusive mais que outras atividades como acasalamento, disputas intra-específicas ou fuga de predadores. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever e quantificar diversos aspectos do forrageamento, dieta e transporte de alimentos em Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi em mata atlântica secundária do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram observadas três colônias escolhidas ao acaso distantes pelo menos 50 m uma das outras. Ao sair da colônia, as operárias eram seguidas até o seu retorno à mesma, sem nenhum provisionamento alimentar, nem interferência sobre suas atividades. As atividades utilizando técnica de focal time sampling com registro instantâneo a cada minuto, durante 10 minutos consecutivos. Cada colônia era observada 1 dia/semana, com pelo menos 6 h/dia resultando em 53,8h de observação direta das operárias. Foram registradas as atividades de forrageamento, o sucesso no transporte do alimento, tipo de alimento, limpeza e as interações entre operárias. O forrageio foi sempre individual não ocorrendo recrutamento em nenhuma ocasião. A dieta foi composta principalmente de artrópodes, sendo na maioria insetos. Em pequena proporção, ocorreu coleta de pequenos frutos de Eugenia sp. O tempo de forrageio foi maior quando as operárias transportavam alimentos até a colônia, sendo o período de retorno inferior ao de forrageio, sugerindo a utilização de pistas químicas e visuais na orientação, durante suas atividades de forrageio e coleta de alimentos
Fatores bióticos e abióticos que influenciam o desenvolvimento de branconeta (crustacea: anostraca)
(Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), 2008) Lopes, José Patrocínio; Pontes, Cibele Soares; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Santos Neto, Miguel Arcanjo dos
Fatores bióticos e abióticos nos viveiros de cultivo da Estação de Piscicultura da CHESF e da região de Paulo Afonso, Bahia que influenciam no desenvolvimento de Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 foram investigados mediante monitoramento realizado em quatro viveiros de cultivo, no período de dezembro de 2004 a novembro de 2005. Para os fatores bióticos e abióticos referentes à qualidade da água dos viveiros estudados, o monitoramento, foi realizado em duas épocas do ano (maio e outubro) coincidindo com os períodos chuvoso e seco, respectivamente. O manejo dos viveiros que incluiu adubação orgânica e química e complementação dos níveis de água dos viveiros fez com que as variáveis limnológicas se situassem dentro de limites toleráveis para os crustáceos em estudo possibilitando aos mesmos crescimentos em peso e comprimento e reprodução dentro de padrões normais. As águas dos viveiros pesquisados apresentaram de um modo geral condições bióticas e abióticas propícias ao desenvolvimento do microcrustáceo branconeta, D. brasiliensis
Influência da inoculação de cistos na produção de biomassa de branchoneta dendrocephalus brasiliensis pesta, 1921 (crustacea: anostraca)
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2008) Lopes, José Patrocínio; Gurgel, Hélio de Castro Bezerra; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Pontes, Cibele Soares
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho desenvolver uma metodologia para produção de biomassa de branchoneta Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921. Os experimentos foram realizados na Estação de Piscicultura da CHESF, Paulo Afonso-BA, com a finalidade de viabilizar a branchoneta como fonte alternativa de alimento na aqüicultura. A metodologia constou de dois tratamentos (com e sem inoculação de cistos de D. brasiliensis) realizada em duas épocas distintas (maio e outubro), com duas repetições. Foram utilizados quatro viveiros semi-escavados. Após a ANOVA (P<0,05) constatou-se que o tratamento com inoculação apresentou uma produção média de 18,63 ± 0,74 kg superior a 8,00 ± 0,75 kg do outro tratamento, podendo-se assim produzir uma biomassa de 1.863 kg/ha/ ano. Os resultados obtidos recomendam produção de biomassa de D. brasiliensis utilizando a metodologia de inoculação de cistos
Ovarian development and spawning of serra spanish mackerel in coastal waters of northeastern Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 2010) Chellappa, Sumathi; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Chellappa, Naithirithi
A serra, scomberomorus brasiliensis, é uma espécie marinha de valor comercial do oceano Atlântico sendo um maior componente de pesca artesanal no norte e nordeste brasileiros. Desenvolvimento ovariano e época de desova de S. brasiliensis foram investigados utilizando-se técnicas macroscópicas e histológicas. Valores mensais médios de IGS e maturação gonadal indicam que a época de desova ocorre durante o período de chuva
The temporal pattern of mating behavior of the fruit fly, anastrepha zenildae in the laboratory
(Oxford University Press, 2011) Almeida, Lucia M. de; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Mendes, Norma H.D.; Souza, João M.G.A. de; Menezes, Alexandre A.L.
The state of Rio Grande do Norte is an important fruit–producing and exporting area in northeastern Brazil. The success of this industry depends on fruit fly population control, especially in fly–free exporting zones. However, many fruits are not exported because of quarantine restrictions imposed by importing countries. A survey in the state has detected a considerable increase of the fruit fly, Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (Diptera: Tephritidae), probably a result of the introduction of irrigated guava orchards that make fruit available all year. Knowledge of the sexual behavior of Tephritidae has great importance to pest control programs, particularly those that employ the Sterile Insect Technique. In order to characterize the reproductive behavior of A. zenildae, 32 individuals (16 males; 16 females) in each of six generations were submitted to an artificial 12:12 L:D cycle (750: < 1 lux, lights on 07:00-19:00) and observed over their lifetimes. The courtship and copulation occurred in leks and the episodes varied with the time of day, courtship being most frequent between zeitgeber time (ZT) 3 and ZT 7, peaking at ZT 5-6. Copulations occurred between ZT 2 and ZT 8, with a higher frequency between ZT 5-7 and a peak at ZT 6. Mean duration was 0.28 ± 0.03 min/male (range: 5-163 min). Males in the leks attempted to copulate mainly between ZT 3 and ZT 7 with a peak at ZT 6, and males outside leks peaked at ZT 7. The different timing of sexual behaviors among related sympatric species, including A. zenildae, may contribute to species isolation
Effect of morning exercise in sunlight on the sleep-wake cycle in adolescents
(Instituto Brasileiro de Neuropsicologia e Comportamento (IBNeC), 2011) Maia, Ana Paula Leão; Sousa, Ivanise Cortez de; Azevedo, Carolina Virginia Macêdo de
A delay in bedtime occurs in adolescence compared with childhood. However, the early waking that morning school hours impose leads to partial sleep deprivation. Although exposure to light is the most important regulator of circadian rhythm in mammals, physical exercise influences circadian synchronization. To assess the effect of morning physical exercise in sunlight on the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) in adolescents, 160 first- and second-year high-school students were exposed to classes in their usual classroom (Group C) or in a swimming pool exposed to sunlight (Group E) while physically exercising (EE; i.e., swimming) or resting (EL). At baseline, we applied Health and Sleep and Horne & Ostberg chronotype assessment questionnaires. One week later and during the intervention, we applied the Sleep Diary and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. During the intervention we observed no changes in bedtime, time in bed and in indices of irregularity of bedtime and wake-up time. The changes observed in wake-up time (i.e., a delay in the EE group on Saturday), sleep quality (i.e., an improvement), and sleepiness (i.e., an increase) were also observed in the control group, discarding an intervention effect. We suggest that morning physical exercise in sunlight had no effect on SWC parameters, sleep quality, or daytime sleepiness, possibly because of the large irregularity in the SWC between weekdays and weekends in adolescent students as well as the low frequency and duration of exercise during the intervention. Therefore, studies that evaluate a higher frequency or duration of exercise are needed to assess its effect on the SWC in adolescents
Seasonal activity of dinoponera quadriceps santschi (formicidae, ponerinae) in the semi-arid caatinga of northeastern Brazil
(Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), 2012) Medeiros, Jeniffer; Araújo, Arrilton; Araújo, Helder F. P.; Queiroz, João Paulo C.; Vasconcellos, Alexandre
Seasonal activity of Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi (Formicidae, Ponerinae) in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. We studied seasonal foraging patterns of the queenless ant D. quadriceps (Formicidae, Ponerinae) for 24 months in a Caatinga area of northeastern Brazil, an ecosystem characterized by strong climatic changes throughout the year, in order to determine if regulation of worker activity is based on environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation) and/or food resources (potential prey: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae, Chilopoda and Diplopoda). Foraging activity of D. quadriceps varied over the course of both years, with the highest frequency occurring from May to August, corresponding to the late rainy season and early dry season. This foraging activity was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with the availability of potential prey, but not with total abundance of soil arthropods or with rainfall and relative humidity. Diet composition, in relation to the main taxonomic prey groups, seems to be common to the species, regardless of habitat. Our results suggest that D. quadriceps workers adjust foraging activity to the most suitable period of the year, to avoid thermal stress and increase efficiency. Thus, they present an appropriate behavioral response to seasonal fluctuations in the caatinga
Sleep habits, daytime sleepiness and sleep quality of high school teachers
(2012) Souza, Jane Carla de; Sousa, Ivanise Cortez de; Belísio, Aline Silva; Azevedo, Carolina Virginia Macêdo de
The aim of this study was to characterize the sleep-wake cycle, daytime sleepiness and sleep quality of high school teachers. Ninety-eight high school teachers participated in this study. They were asked to complete the Health and Sleep, Horne & Ostberg, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires and to keep a 14-day sleep diary. This study showed that high-school teachers wake up on average 1 h 12 min earlier (ANOVA; p < 0.05) and go to bed on average 34 min earlier (ANOVA; p < 0.05) during the week than on the weekend. This results in an average of 42 min less time in bed (ANOVA; p < 0.05) on weekdays and characterizes partial sleep deprivation. Moreover, 46% and 51% of teachers were diagnosed with excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality (χ2; p > 0.05), respectively. Therefore, high-school teachers show characteristics of partial sleep deprivation that may contribute to excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. This situation may compromise health and quality of life, in addition to teaching performance that can affect the education of their students.
Socially adjusted synchrony in the activity profiles of common marmosets in light-dark conditions
(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Melo, Paula; Gonçalves, Bruno; Menezes, Alexandre; Azevedo, Carolina
Synchronized state of activity and rest might be attained by mechanisms of entrainment and masking. Most zeitgebers not only act to entrain but also to mask circadian rhythms. Although the light-dark (LD) cycle is the main zeitgeber of circadian rhythms in marmosets, social cues can act as weaker zeitgebers. Evidence on the effects of social entrainment in marmosets has been collected in isolated animals or in pairs where activity is not individually recorded. To characterize the synchronization between the daily activity profiles of individuals in groups under LD conditions, the motor activity of animals from five groups was continuously monitored using actiwatches for 15 days during the 5th, 8th, and 11th months of life of juveniles. Families consisting of twins (4 <,/1 <<) and their parents were maintained under controlled lighting (LD 12:12 h), temperature, and humidity conditions. Synchronization was evaluated through the synchrony between the circadian activity profiles obtained from the pearson correlation index between possible pairs of activity profiles in the light and dark phases. We also calculated the phase-angle differences between the activity onset of one animal in relation to the activity onset of each animal in the group ( on). A similar procedure was performed for activity offset ( off). By visual analysis, the correlation between the activity profiles of individuals within each family was stronger than that of individuals from different families. A mixed-model analysis showed that within the group, the correlation was stronger between twins than between twins and their parents in all families, except for the family in which both juveniles were males. Because a twin is an important social partner for juveniles, a sibling is likely to have a stronger influence on its twin’s activity rhythm than other family members. Considering only the light phase, the second strongest correlation was observed between the activity profiles of the individuals in the reproductive pair. Regarding the parameters on and off, the juvenile/juvenile dyad had lower values than the other dyads, but these differences did not reach statistical significance in relation to all dyads. Comparing the results of the on and off, and correlation indices, we suggest that the latter could detect differences between the animals that were not observed in the results of the phase-angle differences. These differences could be related to changes that occur during the active phase but not only in a particular phase, such as the temporal changes during the activity phase that characterize unimodal or bimodal patterns. Based on the differences in the correlations between individuals subjected to the same LD routine, we suggest that social cues modulate the circadian activity profiles of marmosets as a result of interactions between the animals within each group. Future studies are necessary to characterize the mechanisms of synchronization that are involved in this social modulation
Changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during aging: implications for biological rhythms
(2013) Engelberth, Rovena C. G. J.; Pontes, André L. Bezerra de; Fiuza, Felipe Porto; Silva, Kayo D. de Azevedo; Resende, Nayra da S.; Azevedo, Carolina Virgínia de M.; Costa, Miriam S. M. O.; Cavalcante, Judney C.; Nascimento Júnior, Expedito S.; Gavioli, Elaine Cristina; Cavalcante, Jeferson S.
Animals have neural structures that allow them to anticipate environmental changes and then regulate physiological and behavioral functions in response to these alterations. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) is the main circadian pacemaker in many mammalian species. This structure synchronizes the biological rhythm based on photic information that is transmitted to the SCN through the retinohypothalamic tract. The aging process changes the structural complexity of the nervous system, from individual nerve cells to global changes, including the atrophy of total gray matter. Aged animals show internal time disruptions caused by morphological and neurochemical changes in SCN components. The effects of aging on circadian rhythm range from effects on simple physiological functions to effects on complex cognitive performance, including many psychiatric disorders that influence the well-being of the elderly. In this review, we summarize the effects of aging on morphological, neurochemical, and circadian rhythmic functions coordinated by the main circadian pacemaker, the SCN
Morfologia comparativa do trato digestório dos peixes hoplias malabaricus hypostomus pusarum do açude Marechal Dutra, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), 2013) Pessoa, Emilly Kataline Rodrigues; Silva, Naisandra Bezerra da; Chellappa, Naithirithi T.; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Chellappa, Sathyabama
A traíra, Hoplias malabaricus e o cascudo, Hypostomus pusarum são espécies de peixes que apresentam importância ecológica e econômica nos ecossistemas aquáticos neotropicais. O presente trabalho comparou os aspectos morfológicos do trato digestório de H. malabaricus e H. pusarum, relacionando-os com seu hábito alimentar. No período de julho de 2011 a junho de 2012, foram capturados 45 espécimes de H. malabaricus e 33 de H. pusarum, utilizando-se rede de espera e tarrafa no açude Marechal Dutra, Acari, RN. Foram obtidos de cada exemplar o comprimento total e peso do corpo. A posição da boca, presença e tipo dos dentes, número de rastros branquiais, esôfago, forma do estômago e presença de cecos pilóricos foram observados para a descrição morfológica. O comprimento intestinal foi verificado e o conteúdo estomacal foi identificado até o nível taxonômico mais inferior possível. A boca e os dentes de H. malabaricus são adaptados para agarrar e ingerir grandes presas inteiras, enquanto de H. pusarum são adaptados para raspagem. O primeiro o arco branquial de H. malabaricus possui em média sete rastros branquiais afastados entre si, curtos e pontiagudos, mas H. pusarum não apresenta rastros brânquias. A disposição dos órgãos digestórios em ambas as espécies está diretamente relacionada com a forma da cavidade peritoneal e o formato do corpo. H. malabaricus apresenta um intestino curto, porém H. pusarum mostra um intestino muito longo. H. malabaricus alimentou-se de material animal, preferencialmente de peixes (72,8%) e camarões (27,2%), enquanto a dieta de H. pusarum foi baseada em material orgânico em decomposição (88,7%) e microalgas (11,3%). A morfologia do trato digestório e o conteúdo estomacal de H. malabaricus indica hábito alimentar carnívoro, e de H. pusarum confirma seu hábito alimentar detritívoro / herbívoro
Changes in sleep habits and knowledge after an educational sleep program in 12th grade students
(Wiley, 2013) Sousa, Ivanise Cortez; Souza, Jane Carla; Louzada, Fernando Mazzilli; Azevedo, Carolina Virginia Macêdo
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of an education program using the meaningful learning approach on sleep knowledge and habits of 12th grade students. Thirty-four student volunteers (aged 16.8 0.6 years) were divided into intervention (Sleep Education Program – SEP) and control groups. Sleep knowledge and habits were assessed by the “health and sleep” questionnaire. Also, the students filled out a sleep diary and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale by one week (Stage 1). These procedures were repeated 3 weeks after the SEP (Stage 2) that was evaluated by a questionnaire. The SEP consisted of five 50-minute classes to discuss the physiological and behavioral processes of sleep and healthy lifestyle. At Stage 2, the intervention group increased the percentage of correct responses in 63% of the questions. On weekdays, they increased time in bed by 26 min, woke up 11 min later and showed a tendency to go to bed 18 min earlier (P = 0.07). On weekends, they advanced bedtime and wake-up times. These changes were associated with decreased irregularity at bedtimes and wake up times. These results were not observed in the control group, except the advance on wake up time on weekends. The frequency and duration of naps and daytime sleepiness levels did not differ between the stages for both groups. The SEP increased knowledge and contributed to positive changes in the adolescents’ sleep-wake cycle (SWC). However, daytime sleepiness levels remained unchanged probably due to an insufficient reduction on sleep deprivation to decrease its negative consequences
Biologia reprodutiva do peixe mussum, synbranchus marmoratus bloch, 1975 no açude Marechal Dutra, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), 2013) Barros, Nirlei Hirachy Costa; Nascimento, Wallace Silva; Araújo, Andréa Soares; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Chellappa, Sathyabama
A biologia reprodutiva do peixe hermafrodita mussum, Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch, 1795) (Osteichthyes: Synbranchidae) foi investigada no açude Marechal Dutra, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando os exemplares capturados mensalmente no período de julho de 2010 á janeiro de 2011. Os peixes capturados foram numerados, pesados, medidos, dissecados as e gônadas foram retiradas, pesadas e identificadas quanto ao sexo. A relação peso-comprimento foi determinada para sexos agrupados. O índice gonadossomático (IGS) e o fator de condição (K) foram verificados. As fases do desenvolvimento das gônadas foram investigadas usando técnicas macroscópicas. As características macroscópicas do desenvolvimento gonadal mostraram quatro tipos sexuais diferentes na população dos peixes capturados, sendo: machos primários, fêmeas, intersexos e machos secundários. As fêmeas foram mais frequentes durante todo o período de estudo (74%). A espécie mostrou um crescimento do tipo alométrico negativo, com maior incremento em comprimento do que em peso. O fator de condição mostrou seu menor valor no mês de agosto e dois picos sendo, um em dezembro de 2010 e outro em janeiro de 2011. O IGS indicou um período reprodutivo que vai de julho a agosto de 2010, mostrando correlação negativa ao fator de condição. S. marmoratus mostra uma estratégia reprodutiva sazonal que aperfeiçoa seu sucesso reprodutivo dentro das condições climáticas do semiárido
Aspectos alimentares e reprodutivos do cascudo, hypostomus pusarum (starks, 1913) (osteichthyes: loricariidae) no açude Marechal Dutra, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), 2013) Pessoa, Emilly Kataline Rodrigues; Lima, Louise Thuanne Barreto de; Chellappa, Naithirithi T.; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Chellappa, Sathyabama
O peixe cascudo, Hypostomus pusarum é de importância ecológica e econômica dos ecossistemas aquáticos da região neotropical. O presente estudo verificou os aspectos alimentares e reprodutivos dessa espécie no açude Marechal Dutra, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. As capturas dos peixes foram realizadas durante o período de julho de 2011 a junho de 2012, com o auxílio de pecadores locais, que utilizaram redes de espera e tarrafas. Os itens alimentares do estômago de H. pusarum foram identificados até o nível taxonômico mais inferior possível. Foi capturado um total de 118 exemplares de H. pusarum e no laboratório eles foram numerados, pesados, medidos, dissecados e o sexo foi identificado. Foram verificadas a proporção sexual, a relação peso-comprimento, o conteúdo estomacal, o índice gonadossomático (IGS), o fator de condição (K), a fecundidade e o período reprodutivo de H. pusarum. Houve uma predominância de fêmeas (n=67; 55,3%) sobre os machos (n=51; 44,7%). H. pusarum apresenta um crescimento do tipo alométrico negativo, ganhando mais incremento em comprimento do que em peso. A espécie em estudo apresentou uma dieta baseada em material orgânico em decomposição (88,7%) e microalgas (11,3%) consistindo de Bacilariofíceas, Clorofíceas e Cianobacteria. O índice gonadossomático (IGS) dos machos variou de 0,483 a 7,502 e das fêmeas de 3,408 a 10,533. A média do fator de condição (K) dos machos foi de 0,089 e das fêmeas foi de 0,266. A fecundidade absoluta apresentou a média de 756,85. Os peixes apresentaram gônadas em várias fases de maturação durante o período de estudo e a caracterização macroscópica das gônadas indicou quatro estádios de maturação, sendo imaturo, em maturação, maduro e esvaziado. O período reprodutivo de H. pusarum foi indicado pelo pico de IGS durante janeiro a abril
Adjustments in the time, distance and direction of foraging in dinoponera quadriceps workers
(Springer, 2014) Azevedo, Dina L. O.; Medeiros, Jeniffer C.; Araújo, Arrilton
We measured individual decisions regarding the adjustments of time, distance and direction of foraging in Dinoponera quadriceps.We observed two colonies in an area of secondary Atlantic Forest, FLONA-ICMBio, in Northeastern Brazil. The workers were individually marked. We recorded the displacement of workers, their returns to the nest with and without food, the time spent searching for food, maximum and total distance, inter-trip latency and direction of trips. The time spent searching for food, maximum distance and transport velocity did not vary with food size. The previous trip success reduced the latency between foraging trips and increased the percentage of success on the next trip. However, this previous success did not demonstrate a significant variation relative to the time spent searching on the next trip or direction of search. The workers maintained an individual directional fidelity during foraging. The adjustments of these foraging variables under individual control contributed to the efficiency at the colony level. D. quadriceps is compatible with the central place theory and risk sensitivity model of behavior
Work schedule infl uence on sleep habits in elementary and high school teachers according to chronotype
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 2014) Souza, Jane Carla de; Galina, Sabinne Danielle; Almeida, Jônathas Cleiton Florêncio de; Sousa, Ivanise Cortez de; Azevedo, Carolina Virginia Macêdo de
Th e infl uence of work schedule on sleep habits and quality, and daytime sleepiness according to individual preferences in sleep schedules was assessed in 131 elementary and high school teachers through questionnaires. Teachers who initiate classes around 7:00 hr wake up earlier and show more frequency of poor sleep quality than those who start classes in the afternoon. Between them, those who have a preference for intermediate or later hours for sleep are more irregular in their wake up schedules and increase their sleep duration on the weekend compared to those with earlier sleep preferences. On the other hand, working only in the afternoon seems to provide better sleep/awake conditions for teachers, because they keep the same sleep duration during the week and on the weekend, and they are diagnosed with less daytime sleepiness. Th erefore, the discussion of school start times, originally proposed for adolescents, needs to be magnifi ed to teachers, contributing to improvement of sleep habits and life quality in school environments

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