PPGFIL - Doutorado em Filosofia

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A noção aristotélica de inteligência
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-12-09) Santana, Charles Andrade; Santos, Gisele Amaral dos; Angioni, Lucas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1909449432163799; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4477251256312157; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-8527; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3130279117986496; Keeling, Evan Robert; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7840-0368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2244844378515812; Ferreira, Mateus Ricardo Fernandes; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-1604; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0047626386837200; Zillig, Raphael; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-749X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5800409590209195; Grasso, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8834781973727723
The aim of this research is to understand the Aristotelian notion of nous, a Greek word that we have chosen to translate, as a rule, as “intelligence” or “intellect”, in its different meanings and contexts of application in Aristotle’s work. Given its highly polysemous nature, often veering into the realm of confusion and enigma, a significant portion of this study involves delineating its diverse uses and significances in Aristotle’s texts to prevent potential confusion, a frequent occurrence. In short, from the perspective of Aristotle and his ancient interlocutors, nous is used in at least three main senses: (1) nous as universal and divine intelligence inherent in nature, the principle of cosmic order, of laws and of all regularity observed in the natural world; (2) nous as human intellect, as the top of the cognitive hierarchy, that is, as the rational, separate and highest part of the soul, precisely that which distinguishes human beings from other animals and, as such, is present in all individuals of the human race; or (3) nous as scientific intelligence, an intellectual virtue characterized by a certain competence, ability, capacity or cognitive disposition – distinct from, but parallel to, the episteme (“scientific knowledge”) – responsible for the recognition and contextual understanding of the so-called “immediate first principles” of the sciences within the scope of Aristotle’s theory of scientific demonstration. Thus, in addition to a theology, a cosmology and a natural teleology based on the notion of nous as divine intelligence, as we shall see, it is also possible to systematize a theory of intellect in On the Soul and a theory of intelligence in the Posterior Analytics – and Nicomachean Ethics – that are mutually independent, so that one is of primary interest to Aristotelian philosophy of mind and psychology and the other to his philosophy of science.
A mística em Plotino: uma leitura da Enéada I 6 (1) sobre o belo
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-07-09) Paiva, Marcello Henrique Medeiros de; Fernandes, Edrisi de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4882655662159487; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7252974791895582; Bezerra, Cícero Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6374968779536950; Santos, Gisele Amaral dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4477251256312157; Pinheiro, Marcus Reis; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-5868; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2938199219647514; Bauchwitz, Oscar Federico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6147711083494366
El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es discutir sobre el tema de la mística en la filosofía de Plotino a partir del tratado I 6 (1) Sobre la Belleza (Περὶ τοῦ καλοῦ) de las “Enéadas”. Más específicamente, busca explicar la comprensión de la idea de mística y la experiencia mística en las “Enéadas” y su relación con la “Belleza”. La investigación doctoral fue un ejercicio exegético de textos plotinianos con dos propósitos principales: primero, pensar la mística, unión del alma con el Intelecto, en los tratados plotinianos; y segundo, responder si la belleza en el mundo ayuda en la experiencia mística. La obra mostrará cómo Plotino entiende la dimensión sensible, a partir de lo bello, como posibilidad de retorno a lo inteligible.
Rousseau e o conceito da vontade geral: princípio metafísico ou pacto social?
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-07-14) Carvalho, Manoel Jarbas Vasconcelos; Menezes, Antônio Basílio Novaes Thomaz de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5195640047312319; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3383107648074125; Façanha, Luciano da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1178-4018; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7318884096236926; Carvalho, Zilmara de Jesus Viana de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1991-0250; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2083775393424616; Dionizio Neto, Manoel; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1218-900X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2352760364720801; Casado, Marcos Saiande; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-0899; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6153687090682588
The objective of the present work is to investigate whether the concept of general will, a central idea in the political thought of J.-J Rousseau, is a metaphysical principle or a social pact. To this end, we used as our object of study the complete works of the Genevan thinker. The methodology used was documentary research. The problem from which we start asks about the possibility of the genesis of the Rousseauian general will, whether metaphysically inspired or historically constructed. Starting from this methodological context, we divide the organization of our work into three stages: a genealogy of wills in Rousseauian anthropology that includes the analysis of three works by Rousseau, the Discourse on the origin of inequality (1755), the Discourse on the arts and sciences (1750) and the Essay on the origin of languages (1759); a systematized study of the concept of general will in the entry Political economy (1755), in the Geneva manuscript (1761) and in the Social contract (1762); an examination of the nature of the general will, which in addition to revisiting the research of the aforementioned works, will observe other texts by the Genevan such as the Plan for a constitution for Corsica (1764) and the Considerations on the government of Poland (1770).
A concepção de dignidade da pessoa humana em Boécio
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-07-02) Leal, Lauro Cristiano Marculino; Santos, Gisele Amaral dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4477251256312157; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8276866617745959; Sousa Filho, José Ivan Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3085919257774539; Ferreira, Anderson D'Arc; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4759086506032070; Teixeira Neto, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8672696320833854; Teixeira, Luiz Fernando Fontes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-3741; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7351092345116027
Boethius' thought is widely associated with a eudaimonistic ethics. Although his contributions span various fields of knowledge, including notions of freedom and virtue, the practical dimension of his studies always converges on issues related to happiness, especially in his work The Consolation of Philosophy. Positioned between the legacy of classical tradition and medieval thought, Boethius developed a conception of dignity influenced by historical, philosophical, semantic, and theological contexts, in a period of political and religious tensions in Italy under the reign of Theodoric. Thus, this dissertation investigates Boethius' thought, highlighting his role in shaping the notion of human dignity and analyzing how his ideas contributed to the development of this concept, transcending its restricted use in defining personhood and exploring its relevance to legal philosophy. The research adopts a multifaceted approach, integrating historical, philosophical, semantic, and theological perspectives. The study is structured around four main axes: first, the historical-political context of Boethius and its influence on the concept of dignity; second, his classical definition of personhood; third, the semantic meaning of the term and its relation to the concept of happiness; and finally, the theological dimension, addressing the integration between faith and reason. The dissertation reveals that Boethius developed a unique conception of dignity, linking it to rationality, autonomy, and the relationship with God. His definition of person as an "individual substance of a rational nature," previously seen as his sole connection to the theme, was expanded to an understanding of dignity as inherent to the human condition, transcending social status and aligning with the pursuit of the supreme good. The study asserts that, although Boethius is not traditionally recognized as one of the formulators of the concept of human dignity, his reflections provided significant philosophical foundations for the development of this idea, which would later be regarded as a principle, particularly in Western legal philosophy. His contribution remains relevant today, reinforcing dignity as an essential, inalienable, and universal attribute of the human being.
A compreensão do ser humano de La Rochefoucauld
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-06-16) Silva, Jéssica Barros; Bulhões, Fernanda Machado de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1213107957524166; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8776497810811506; Silva, Markus Figueira da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3036-6575; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0709727083553042; Jacquet, Christine; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2902631732127449; Campos Júnior, Lindoaldo Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7439272088934257; Barrenechea, Miguel Angel
In this thesis, we analyze the understanding of the human being developed by the French thinker François VI, Duke of La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680). He was part of the philosophical and literary movement known as the “French moralists” which brought together thinkers from the 17th to 19th centuries who dedicated themselves to analyzing human subjectivity and behavior. La Rochefoucauld was a nobleman, warrior, courtier in the court of Louis XIII and Louis XIV, and a frequenter of the literary salons of Parisian high society. In his main work, Reflections or Sentences and Moral Maxims (1664), he criticizes the culture of dissimulation in court society, denounces the false virtues that are nothing more than disguised vices and presents a portrait of human subjectivity in which the passions that inhabit the heart of man – an irrational and unconscious instance of the mind – are the true motives behind how human beings act. Such passions are forms of expression of self-love, a vain and selfish impulse that, as far as possible, should be known and managed. La Rochefoucauld was influenced by very diverse ideological and cultural perspectives. We find in his reflections both the anthropological pessimism of Augustinian origin and the more optimistic defense of man's capacity to live an authentic and self-affirming life, inspired by the Greco-Roman warrior ethos. In La Rochefoucauld's view, human beings have distinct natures. There are those who are born weak and endowed with a "small soul," lacking the capacity for sincerity or virtuousness; and the strong, endowed with a "great soul" and the power to act positively in the world. Thus, in this thesis, we defend the argument that, beyond being a mere analyst of human subjectivity, La Rochefoucauld has a proactive thought, in which he defends an ideal of an honest, courageous, well-educated man, bearer of a “great soul”, and who acts motivated by grandiose designs.
Da crítica da razão negra e do colonialismo à necropolítica: metamorfoses coloniais (a filosofia política e pós-colonial de Achille Mbembe)
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-07-12) Costa, José Luiz Silva da; Sousa Filho, Alipio de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-0362; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671867942395393; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7274840579020946; Bodziak Júnior, Paulo Eduardo; Freire, Alyson Thiago Fernandes; Rodrigues, Denise Carvalho dos Santos; Ferreira, Flávio Rodrigo Freire
This thesis addresses three fundamental aspects of Achille Mbembe's work: the question of race in the Critique of Black Reason, the critique of colonialism and its metamorphoses in the rise of the concepts of enmity and necropolitics in contemporary times. To achieve this objective, the thesis is structured into three chapters. The first chapter examines the formation of the idea of race by analyzing white discourse and colonial invasion. It revisits the critique of the concept of blackness and race, which emerged from the racial designations imposed by white Europeans, culminating in the notion of black reason. The second chapter delves into colonial-racial relations, exploring Mbembe's critique of colonialism alongside other Pan-Africanist authors. It analyzes their critique of racial colonial domination, centered on Europe's power as the hub of modernity, and examines how philosophical modernity has contributed to the dehumanization of black individuals and Africa. The third chapter investigates the contemporary metamorphosis of racial-colonial relations, focusing on their adaptation and reconfiguration in modern times. It elucidates how social relations have evolved into politics of enmity, marked by the identification of internal and external adversaries. Furthermore, it explores how these processes have led to a biopolitical logic of segregating people and territories, resulting in the exclusion and elimination of individuals and social groups. This contemporary form of politics embodies a necropolitical framework, delineating who should live and who should die and transforming political relations into necropolitics.
O impacto do Renascimento na espiritualidade de João da Cruz: contexto e influências no Cântico Espiritual
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-12-09) Gama, Cyro Leandro Morais; Macedo, Monalisa Carrilho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1111715712985263; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3032255166517446; Aldeci, Ana Carolina Matias Costa; Oliveira, Francisco Eduardo de; Valle, Lílian de Aragão Bastos do; Augusto, Maria das Graças de Moraes
This study aims to investigate how the Renaissance, with its new vision of spirituality influenced by Neoplatonism, impacted the religious thought of John of the Cross, a Spanish mystic and poet of the 16th century. The intention of this work is to understand how Renaissance principles are reflected in his spirituality and how these influences shaped his views as a religious figure. For this, the work Spiritual Canticle was chosen as the main corpus, considering both its poetic and prose versions. The choice of this work is justified by the presence of symbolic elements and Renaissance concepts, which allow an analysis of the cultural and philosophical influences of the time. In addition to contributing to the understanding of the mystic author's work, this research is significant for the study of Spanish mysticism, as it provides a broader view of the cultural dynamics of the 16th century and their repercussions on religious thought, while also filling gaps in the academic literature on the subject.
O Übermensch de Nietzsche e o pós-humano do transhumanismo
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-12-17) Xavier, Tiago; Nahra, Cinara Maria Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3185309694904313; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-2022; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6638326137963476; Zaterka, Luciana; Oliveira, Jelson Roberto de; Oliveira Júnior, Nythamar; Capistrano, Pablo Moreno Paiva
The philosopher Nietzsche, for having realized human decadence, has recommended the overcoming of man, promulgating, through the mouth of Zarathustra, the superman [Übermensch]. This idea of overcoming man is not an exclusive claim of Nietzsche's philosophy, transhumanism, for example, envisages the possibility of the human species transcending itself through technological enhacement, seeking at the post-human, which was associated to the Übermensch by Sorgner. However, what Nietzsche imagined was not an overcoming of man in a technological point of view, but a moral one. We will, hence, draw a line of reasoning so that we can understand why the philosopher has recommended, or even stated, that man ought be overcome, so that through this comprehesion there is a notion of what the Übermensch would mean. Then, we will draw another line so that we can understand the reason why transhumanism envisions the possibility of overcoming man, so that we can understand what would be the posthuman. With nothing more to be said, we will argue the Nietzschean idea of overcoming man and that of transhumanism, in order to defend the thesis that the Übermensch and the posthuman are antithetical ideas.
O problema da apraxía na epokhḗ pirrônica a partir do ponto de vista dos signos comemorativos em Sexto Empírico
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-12-13) Marques, Saulo Bandeira de Oliveira; Santos, Gisele Amaral dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4477251256312157; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0943-422X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4784837119949516; Smith, Plínio Junqueira; Brito, Rodrigo Pinto de; Eva, Luiz Antonio Alves; Alves, Daniel Durante Pereira
The discussion on the limits of the suspension of judgment (epokhḗ) is one of the core questions concerning the Pyrrhonism, whose most hard charge alleges the impossibility of acting (apraxía) in state of suspension of judgment. The controversy concerns on the inclusion of the ordinary beliefs in scope of the epokhḗ, contrasting the “urbane” and “rustic” views. Although the two of them conceptions present reasonable arguments, they give chance to serious practical problems, with implications on viability of living according to the Pyrrhonic way of life (agōgḗ). In order to overcome the problems to arise from the meanings of these views as for the limits of epokhḗ, is advocated a thesis that reconsiders the role of the commemorative sign within the sphere of the Pyrrhonian agōgḗ, through which it is possible to establish coherence between live life and suspend judgement. From this perspective, was observed the charge of apraxía within the scope of debate between urbane and rustic and, owing to impasse between the two of them in relation to epokhḗ, those challenge stay. As an alternative, was analyzed the commemorative sign and its conformity with the phenomenon and the everyday life. Given its relationships with the two of them, was verified its feasibility to play the role of lógos in the Pyrrhonic agōgḗ. This result showed that this new view is a promising reply against the charge of apraxía, offering a key to a compatible read between Pyrrhonian’s epokhḗ and agōgḗ.
A democracia feminista como uma política para o Brasil: representação, reconhecimento, decolonialidade, interseccionalidade e agonismo
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-12-19) Costa, Fernanda Alves da; Nahra, Cinara Maria Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3185309694904313; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9225416276775090; Barbosa, Camila Palhares; Chagas, Flávia Carvalho; Dias, Maria Cristina Longo Cardoso; Vidal, Maria José da Conceição Souza
The current political landscape has witnessed a significant increase in the participation of women and historically marginalized groups. Nevertheless, issues related to claims of representation and recognition still persist in democracy. In some cases, such as in Brazil, democracy, when viewed through the lens of feminist policies, must consider the country's history. This entails the examination of ongoing oppressions within society, which must be investigated and dismantled through an intersectional and decolonial mindset. This intersectional and decolonial approach must address antagonistic disputes that continue to impede or hinder the promotion of equity policies for women and other social groups or movements that benefit from the expansion of rights achieved by women. The examination of philosophical thought regarding rights in the current brazilian political landscape should be regarded as a responsibility of reason towards women. Thus, we present the thesis that it is possible to conceive and construct a Feminist Democracy for Brazil that addresses the numerous inequalities still faced by the population. These inequalities stem from historical processes that can be overcome through the promotion of recognition, equity policies and reparations. Furthermore, the creation of spaces where disputes occur not in an antagonistic manner, but through a plural and agonistic path.
Fundamentações filosóficas da teoria freudiana: um estudo na contramão da negação de Freud à filosofia
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-07-03) Rocha Filho, Paulo de Tarso; Macedo, Monalisa Carrilho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1111715712985263; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5003586469443708; Aldeci, Ana Carolina Matias Costa; Gomes, Geraldo Alexandre de Oliveira; Valle, Lílian de Aragão Bastos do; Fontes, Narbal de Marsillac
Since the time of Freud, numerous studies have explored Freudian theory from a philosophical standpoint. Broadly speaking, some have delved into the philosophy of psychoanalysis, while others have linked specific philosophers to certain topics or themes within Freud's work. However, there is a notable lack of scholarship that systematically examines the philosophical impact on particular works of Freud, identifying which philosophers directly or indirectly influenced these writings. Clearly, this task is not simple: Freud often distanced himself from philosophy in his later years, and there was significant "camouflaging" of philosophical influences in his texts. Despite these challenges, this study aimed to do precisely that: to uncover the philosophical foundations present in Freudian writings, with a focus on Freud's initial topological model and metapsychology, which serve as representative samples of his overall theory. Specifically, the study sought to elucidate Freud's philosophical background and highlight the philosophical principles in The Interpretation of Dreams and in Freudian metapsychology. The underlying hypothesis of this study is that philosophy is not merely present in Freud's work but was crucial to its development. The significance of this assertion lies not necessarily in its novelty but in the effort to demonstrate how philosophy underpins and reinforces the fundamental principles of Freudian theory.
Teoria do valor e alienação em Marx: uma crítica (nada tradicional) da dominação social no capitalismo
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-08-30) Muniz, Marina Paes Maurício; Menezes, Antônio Basílio Novaes Thomaz de; Braga, Henrique Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5195640047312319; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6870318551925967; Siqueira, Álvaro Martins; Dias, Maria Cristina Longo Cardoso; Fontes, Márcia dos Santos; Araújo, Paulo Henrique Furtado
The guiding thread of this thesis is the intimate relationship between the category of alienation and Karl Marx's theory of value, which appears for the first time, still incompletely, in the Grundrisse. In order to defend the existence of this intrinsic relationship and its consequences, we have considered Marx's investigations into bourgeois relations of production from the beginning, with the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, to the most developed formulation in Capital (1867), as well as the contributions of other qualified authors. In the first chapter, we analyze the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts in the light of the theory of value developed in Capital, articulating the notion of generic being present in this work with the ideas present in Gyorgy Lukács' Ontology of Social Being. In the second chapter, we highlight Marx's clarity, in the Grundrisse, that the specificity of capitalism lies in its production process, focusing the critique on value as a historically specific form of wealth and, consequently, on the type of work that creates it. To show that the focus on abstract domination does not contradict the fact that capitalism emerges and expands at the expense of certain peoples and lives, we deal with the historical preconditions for the establishment of this logic, combining critique of value and critique of patriarchy through the contributions of Silvia Federici and Roswitha Scholz. The third chapter explains the connection between alienation and the theory of value, using Marx's Capital and Moishe Postone's reinterpretation, bringing to the center the fundamental categories for understanding our logic of production: commodity, value, abstract labor and capital. We conclude the thesis by arguing that the alienated dynamics of capital effect a specific temporality, constituting a particular form of social domination that is impersonal and abstract, resulting from the alienated dynamics of the capitalist system itself.
Ética e linguagem no Tractatus Lógico Philosophicus e nas investigações filosóficas
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-08-09) Garcia, Caio César da Silva; Vaz, Bruno Rafaelo Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8825056204900445; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2501-9133; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4250825024443708; Alves, Daniel Durante Pereira; Ciccarelli, Vincenzo; Giarolo, Kariel Antonio; Silva Filho, Marcos Antonio da
Ludwig Wittgenstein developed two seminal works that marked distinct stages in his philosophical trajectory: the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and the Philosophical Investigations. Together, these works provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Wittgenstein's thought, ranging from a logical and structural analysis of language to a more pragmatic and contextual exploration. In both Wittgenstein talks about relevant topics, such as language, its use and meaning and logic. Despite having constructed two distinct phases of thought, we will realize that the basis of his arguments comes from the analysis of language, sometimes as something underlying reality from a logical space in the case of the Tractatus, sometimes as inserted into everyday life based on the idea of ' language games' in Investigations. From this perspective, we intend to investigate the possibility of there being some space in these works that could deal with ethics. In the Tractatus we have some direct references to the topic. In the Investigations we see the word ‘ethics’ appear in § 77. If we have this theme mentioned, even in a few moments, it must have some meaning for Wittgenstein. We will begin this analysis starting from some arguments contained in the Tractatus and then we will analyze the Investigations observing whether there is a more precise relationship between these two works and ethics, following the Austrian philosopher's line of reasoning. With this approach we aim to understand whether discourse about ethics is possible in this author's two phases.
Direito e poder no estado de exceção sob a perspectiva do pensamento de Giorgio Agamben: a existência de um Estado Dual
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-07-01) Pacífico, Amanda Cristina; Sousa Filho, Alípio de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-0362; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671867942395393; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3720118146894730; Silva, Raquel Patriota da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6144196910017070; Ruiz, Castor Mari Martin Bartolome; Nascimento, Daniel Arruda; Tosi, Giuseppe
As the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben highlights at the threshold of his investigations, there is no so-called democratic “State” that is not strongly committed to the massive fabrication of human misery and the end of social . Taking this finding into consideration, the general goal of our research is to analyze the syntagma “state of exception” as a paradigm for contemporary politics according to Giorgio Agamben. To this end, it is necessary to understand the state of exception as a presupposition of the political and legal structure of modern power and recognize the legal phenomenon of exception in the fundamental correlation of coexistence between rights and power. To this end, a critical digression will be performed, showing the path proposed by Agamben regarding one of the founding narratives of the modern State, namely: the “mythologeme of the social contract” in the face of the objectification and legitimacy of modern power through the bias of sovereignty and the its paradox (inside/outside a sovereign power hidden in the power structure of modernity). With this, we are faced with the proposed problem of this analysis, which is to highlight the “rights form” of the legal phenomenon of modernity based on the assumption of the state of exception as “a void of law”. In this way, what constitutes our analytical problem is presented: highlighting the correlation between law and politics at the moment of the facticity of the sovereign decision, a correlation that unduly reduces the applicability of the “rights form”, making it a void of law in relation to the condition of existence of human life in the state of exception, subjected to contemporary relations of power. This statement leads to a serious question: how does the establishment of a zone of anomie and the void of the “rights form”, in the relationship between sovereignty and the state of exception, justify contemporary authoritarianism? This is the motivation behind this research. In this sense, we will seek to answer this question through the philosophical, historical and epistemological perspective of the archaeological method from a paradigmatic ontology of modern power as proposed by Giorgio Agamben. Under this analysis, it is maintained, together with the philosopher, that we survive in a “permanent state of exception” in the face of the contingencies of the existence condition of human life in correlation with politics and rights in contemporary times. Given the political and legal analysis of the syntagma “state of exception” in contemporary times (as a structure of political power and politics in law), we seek to formulate the thesis that the phenomenon of the Contemporary State form, presented itself as a “dual State”, that is, a State now of law, now of exception, that articulates and conditions human life in the process of a political action of exclusion and inclusion in contemporary times, between the interfaces of a sovereign political and legal decision, a form of State implicit in the thought of Giorgio Agamben.
Modernidade e colonialismo: o conceito de vida nua com e para além de Giorgio Agamben
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-06-13) Batista, Tarciano Silva; Sousa Filho, Alípio de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-0362; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671867942395393; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9419-9406; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4942072150908128; Carvalho, Flávio José de; Sousa Filho, José Ivan Rodrigues de; Lima, Rafael Lucas de; Brito, Simone Magalhães
This work aims to problematize the concept of bare life as lives that can be killed with impunity by sovereign decision, as initially formulated by the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben. To this end, we define as the object of analysis the texts from the Homo Sacer project, with emphasis on the first volume: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (1995). The thesis to be defended investigates the relationship between life and politics when, divided and articulated through the power of the sovereign, life (human, citizen, conscious, and free) becomes a qualified form, while giving rise to another formless (identity-less) and impunely disposable life: bare life. In this context, politics becomes a bio-necropolitics, that is, a calculated organization and management of individuals' lives and deaths, justified as a politics of exception. Thus, we perceive that, in Agamben, bare life materializes in the space known as the "camp," which becomes the main Western political paradigm. Following this perspective, our hypothesis is that the concept of bare life has its paradigmatic roots in the figure of Homo Sacer in antiquity. However, during modernity, it manifests in the life of the enslaved during colonialism and extends to the contemporary era, exemplified by figures like the Musselman in Auschwitz. This triad — colonialism, Nazism, and fascism — exemplifies how different regimes of power, using control technologies and policies of exception, shaped and justified bio-necropolitics. Thus, we engage in discussions of Political Philosophy, seeking to contribute to the undeniable fact that all existing forms of the camp constitute crimes against humanity and constant factories of lives that can be killed with impunity.
A vontade diabólica como um mal psíquico frente ao problema do mal no indivíduo segundo Kant
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-04-03) Santos, Cláudio Ananias Alves dos; Nahra, Cinara Maria Leite; Oliveira, Carlos Moisés de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3185309694904313; Borges, Maria de Lourdes Alves; Vidal, Maria José da Conceição Souza; Silva, Raquel Patriota da; Silva, Sérgio Eduardo Lima da
The discussion of evil in Kantian philosophy can be seen in relation to human actions, in how good and evil are placed as schemes derived from the moral law, that is, when actions are established as good or bad; and concerning the individual who acts, that is, in the analysis of the nature of the individual, in his character. Kant's main works that discuss the topic in the first way are Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of Practical Reason. And the work that discusses the theme in the second form is Religion within the boundaries of mere reason. As for evil from the individual, or what would be evil in the individual's nature, when faced with the moral law in its pure reason, the human being has a disposition towards good and a propensity towards evil. Kant maintains that this propensity is distinguished by fragility, impurity and malignancy, but not by a diabolical will that sets reason free from the command of the moral law. The present work seeks to verify whether there would be a case in which such a diabolical will could be established, despite the philosopher's dismissal of such a condition in human beings. Based on Kant's works on moral philosophy, as well as his Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View and his pre-critical writing Essay on Diseases of the Head, as well as Kantian commentators in the same field, we seek to go beyond the proposition Kantian approach to evil, and support the thesis that a case for diabolical will can be configured in the pathological (sick) affectation of the psyche accommodated in the condition of psychopathy. Namely: even though we possess practical reason that has good and evil as its object, the unhealthy affectation of the mind excludes pure practical reason that places the moral law as an incentive. This configuration would result in the condition of a diabolical being.
Corpo e Capital em Marx
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-03-25) Fontes, Márcia dos Santos; Dias, Maria Cristina Longo Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8581414763000546; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-6467; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6170097169665850; Grespan, Jorge Luís; Moraes, João Carlos Kfouri Quartim de; Caux, Luiz Philipe Rolla de; Ramos, Silvana de Souza
This research aims to investigate the relationship between body and capital in the writings of Karl Marx, tracing a path whose starting point will be the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, where we will seek to understand why Marx directs himself to an explanation of the production of human corporeality, of human senses, while criticizing work under the bourgeois mode of production in these writings that represent, in his trajectory, the beginning of his studies on political economy. We will seek to investigate how this theorization of the body appears as a presupposition and position in the critical studies of Marx's maturity that will be systematized in the magnum opus Capital, book I. In this, by expressing the movement of capital becoming a subject, Marx reveals to us the relationship between human corporeality and the incorporeality of value using the physiological concept of “metabolism” both as an explanatory analogy about the functioning of the capital production mode, and as a real representation of the condition of the body in the value production process, where bodies, undifferentiated in abstract work and, at the same time, hierarchical in the market, appear as organs of capital that vitally functionalize its determinations and express its contradictions.
Transhumanism: a new metanarrative
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-12-14) Antônio, Keoma Ferreira; Fernandes, Edrisi de Araújo; Sorgner, Stephan Lorenz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4882655662159487; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7666048890315155; Silva, Adan John Gomes da; Vaz, Bruno Rafaelo Lopes; Alves, Daniel Durante Pereira; Vilaça, Murilo Mariano
In this thesys, we aim to defend the proposition that Technoprogressive Transhumanism, as formulated by James Hughes and David Wood, has the potential to cultivate a new metanarrative. This metanarrative may provide a framework for envisaging solutions to the numerous atrocities culminating in existential risk. Transhumanism is not a singular, all-encompassing philosophical, cultural, political, and social movement. The subdivisions primarily arise due to the political nuances guiding each submovement. Alongside Technoprogressive Transhumanism, there is Extropianism, established by Max More and entrenched in neoliberalism, as well as UpWingers, founded by FM-2030 – or his former name, Fereidon Esfandiary – presenting an alternative political vision to the traditional right-left dichotomy. We critique Extropianism for being grounded in the failed foundations of post-2008 neoliberalism and for its inconsistency in adopting a life-affirming philosophy based on the recurring practice of austerity. We argue that, while transhumanism has its roots in humanism, its propositions surpass it. Despite the benefits humanism provided by introducing the concept of the human and its associated dignity, rights, and prerogatives, thus liberating us from dependence on the divine, the movement also initiated processes of dehumanization. Consequently, it falls to Technoprogressive Transhumanism to propose a utopian scenario wherein an end to the suffering of humans and other animals is envisaged through the use of technology, an extension of our nature in its good aspects, and an optimistic philosophy of life affirmation.
É a antropofagia um conceito filosófico?
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2024-05-13) Aldeci, Ana Carolina Matias Costa; Macedo, Monalisa Carrilho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1111715712985263; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-6031; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2459424534970442; Nodari, Alexandre André; Valle, Lílian de Aragão Bastos do; Augusto, Maria das Graças de Moraes; Jacques, Paola Berenstein
This thesis aims to (1) analyze the meanings of anthropophagy adopted by Oswald de Andrade — based mainly on the Anthropophagous Manifesto and The Crisis of Messianic Philosophy —; and (2) speculate on the potency of this term as a “philosophical concept”, according to the definition of “concept” by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in What is Philosophy?. Considering that the concept of anthropophagy was left open by Oswald himself and will need to be not only analyzed here, but simultaneously created, we resorted in this endeavor to other thinkers who, currently, offer new and interesting interpretations of the author's work or some of the topics covered here.
Revisitando o teste de Turing: análises e consequências
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2023-12-15) Gomes, Victor Pereira; Gorsky, Samir Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510346828626186; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0054-019X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955621454612375; Vaz, Bruno Rafaelo Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8825056204900445; Alves, Daniel Durante Pereira; Bjørdal, Frode; Estrela, Kênio Ângelo Dantas Freitas

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