Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geodinâmica e Geofísica
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Doctoral Thesis Caracterização geológica, geomorfológica e oceanográfica do Sistema Pisa Sal, Galinhos/RN - Nordeste do Brasil, com ênfase à erosão, ao transporte e à sedimentação(2009-02-27) Costa Neto, Leão Xavier da; Vital, Helenice; Silva, Mário Pereira da; ; ; Lima, Zuleide Maria Carvalho; ; Souza Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins e; ; Araújo Filho, Moacyr Cunha de;The present work has as objective to study the behavior of physical-environmental characteristics of the Pisa Sal system, particularly the bathymetry, the facies characterization and the bottom morphology; the pattern of tidal currents circulation and of the termohalinas properties; the erosion and sedimentation zones, the bulk erosion and your relationships with the hydrodynamic; the sediments transport, the sediments age and sedimentation rate. The integrated data set used includes meteorological, bathymetric, sonographic, oceanographic (currents and termohalinas properties), topographic and sedimentological data, as well 14C and 210Pb datation. The Pisa Sal system is part of the Galinhos-Guamaré lagoon-estuarine complex, located in Galinhos, northern coast of the Rio Grande do Norte state. It is an area under influence of salt industry, shrimp farming and oil industry. The meteorological data classifies the area climate as dry, with high temperature, low precipitation and strong and constant winds, responsible for important environmental alterations in the system. The Pisa Sal system presents small dimensions (extension of 8,0 km, medium width of 150 m and maximum depth of -4,23 m), longitudinal profile to regulate, traverse profile in " V " (head) and in " U " (mouth), horizontal gradient, and different bedforms (e.g. ripples marks, 2D and 3D sub-aquatic dunes, flat, rocky). The sedimentary facies are represented by siliciclastic sandy and muddy sediments, with amount variation of biodetritic granule and gravel. The sediments texture varies from very coarse sand to silt. The tidal currents changes from weakly asymmetric to symmetrical, with higher speeds during the ebb-spring tide in the winter period, and directions reflecting the channels orientation. The drainage artificial channels (CDs) present the same behavior of the Pisa Sal channel, however with smaller intensity. The thermohaline properties classify the system as a tidal channel with hyper-saline characteristics, behavior of an inverse estuary (negative estuary), vertically very mixed, tidal forced, where the turbulent diffusion process is responsible for the salt transport and by the salinity reduction over the year. The Pisa Sal channel and CDs erosion are associated to the concave margin of the meandring channel caused by oceanographical, climatic and anthropic phenomena, which stand out: tides, tidal currents, rain, superficial drainage, winds, small waves, channels excavation, infiltration, composition and slope maintenance. The transport of bottom sediments and suspension is controlled by the speed variation of tidal currents. It is more efficient during the spring tides and in the ebb cycles, causing sediments exports. The age of the sediments of the Pisa Sal channel is 1562 ± 22 cal years AP and of the Volta do Sertão channel is 332-432 ± 25 cal years AP. The calculated sedimentation rates in these two channels was 0,47 and 0,50 cm/year, respectively. The economical activities of the salt industry, shrimp farming and oil industry associated to the natural phenomena (temperature of the air and high evaporation level, low precipitation index, mesotidal conditions, high speed of the tidal currents and winds) are responsible for the environmental alterations in the Pisa Sal system.Master Thesis Caracterização geomorfológica e paleogeográfica da plataforma continental adjacente a foz do Rio Apodi-Mossoró, RN/Brasil(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006-03-15) Lima, Samia Freire; Vital, Helenice; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3595069999049968; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6907261409581095; Freire, George Satander Sá; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6803944360256138; Córdoba, Valéria Centurlon; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8212523609187259The brazilian marginal basins have a huge potential to generate and accumulate petroleum. Incised valleys which are eroded in response to a fall of relative sea level are related to potential reservoir as well, modern drowned-valley estuaries serve as harbors to petroleum and salt industries, fisheries, waste-disposal sites and recreational areas for a significant fraction of the world s population. The combined influence of these factors has produced a dramatic increase in research on modern and ancient incised-valley systems. This research is one expression of this interest. The integrated use of satellites images and high resolution seismic (bathymetry, sides scan sonar) was used on the Apodi River mouth-RN to characterizes the continental shelf This area is located at the Potiguar Basin in the NE Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic margin. Through bathymetric and side scan sonar data processing, a digital Terrain Model was developed, and a detailed geomorphologic analysis was performed. In this way was possible to recognize the geomorphologic framework and differents sismofacies, which may influence this area. A channel extending from the ApodiMossoró river mouth to the shelf edge dominates the investigated area. This structure can be correlated with the former river valley developed during the late Pleistocene sea level fall. This channel has two main directions (NW-SE and NE-SW) probably controlled by the Potiguar Basin structures. The western margin of the channel is relatively steep and pronounced whereas the eastern margin consists only of a gentle slope. Longitudinal bedforms and massive ridges also occur. The first are formed doe to the shelf sediment rework and the reef-like structures probably are relics of submerged beachrock-lines indicating past shoreline positions during the deglacial sea-level rise. The sub-bottom seismic data allow the identification of different sismic patterns and a marcant discontinuity, interpreted as the UpperMaster Thesis Sistema integrado para tomada de decisão espacial em situações de derramamento de óleo no litoral norte do Estado do RN(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006-10-09) Souza, Clenúbio Feitosa de; Amaro, Venerando Eustáquio; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783253A6; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6186304912235743; Vital, Helenice; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3595069999049968; Soares, Valéria Gonçalves; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0187018118567986The northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) shows areas of Potiguar basin with high activity in petroleum industry. With the goal of avoiding and reducing the accident risks with oil it is necessary to understand the natural vulnerability, mapping natural resources and monitoring the oil spill. The use of computational tools for environmental monitoring makes possible better analyses and decisions in political management of environmental preservation. This work shows a methodology for monitoring of environment impacts, with purpose of avoiding and preserving the sensible areas in oil contact. That methodology consists in developing and embedding an integrated computational system. Such system is composed by a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS). The SDSS shows a computational infrastructure composed by Web System of Geo-Environmental and Geographic Information - SWIGG , the System of Environmental Sensibility Maps for Oil Spill AutoMSA , and the Basic System of Environmental Hydrodynamic ( SisBAHIA a System of Modeling and Numerical Simulating SMNS). In a scenario of oil spill occurred coastwise of Rio Grande do Norte State s northern coast, the integration of such systems will give support to decision agents for managing of environmental impacts. Such support is supplied through a system of supporting to spatial decisionsMaster Thesis Caracterização geológica tridimensional e monitoramento de dunas no litoral oriental do Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006-05-19) Araújo, Verônica Dantas de; Córdoba, Valéria Centurlon; Lima Filho, Francisco Pinheiro; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9888320802954176; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8212523609187259; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0320340184563320; Florencio, Cláudio Pires; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0006270502154615This work presents geophysical and geological results obtained in a dunefield located in the east coast of Rio Grande do Norte State, with the aim to recognize the aeolian body depositional geometries to a future geologic modeling of the aeolian petroliferous reservoirs. The research, which was done in blowouts region situated at Nisia Floresta Municipally, included the characterization of external geometries with GPS and internal geometry analysis by GPR. Data was integrated in GoCAD software, where it was possible the three-dimensional characterization and interpretation of the studied deposits. The interpretation of GPR profiling allowed identifying: First-order bounding surfaces that separated the aeolian deposits of the Barreiras Formation rocks; Second-order bounding surfaces, which limit dune generations and Third-order bounding surfaces, a reactivation surface. This classification was based and adapted by the Brookfield (1977) and Kocurek (1996) propose. Four radarfacies was recognized: Radarfacies 1, progradational reflectors correlated to foresets of the dunes, Radarfacies 2, plain parallels reflectors related to sand sheets, Radarfacies 3, plain parallels reflectors associated to reworking of the blowout dune crest and Radarfacies 4, mounded reflectors associated to vegetated mound of sand or objects buried in subsurface. The GPR and GPS methods was also employed to the monitoring of dunefields susceptible to human activities in Buzios Beach, where the constructions along the blowout region and the tourism are changing the natural evolution of the deposits. This fact possibly to cause negative impacts to the coastal zone. Data obtained in Dunas Park, a unit environmental conservation, was compared with information of the Buzios Beach. There is a major tendency of erosion in Buzios, specifically in blowout corridor and blowout duneMaster Thesis Caracterização geológica, geoquímica e geocronológica da suíte plutônica enoproterozóica da região de Serrinha, porção centro-leste do maciço São José de Campestre, sudeste do RN(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006-08-31) Dias, Luiz Gustavo da Silveira; Galindo, Antonio Carlos; Souza, Zorano Sergio de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1259445348649589; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9747727150782125; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5763856111966127; Silva, Fernando Cesar Alves da; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8572129314081197; Dantas, Elton Luiz; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9718399842317946The of Serrinha plutonic suite, northeastern portion of the Borborema Province (NE Brazil), is characterized by a voluminous and diversified magmatism of Neoproterozoic age, intrusive in the Archean to Paleoproterozoic gneissic-migmatitic basement of the São José de Campestre massif. Field relations and petrographic and geochemical data allowed us to individualize different lithologic types among this plutonic suite, which is represented by intermediate to mafic enclaves, porphyritic diorites, porphyritic granitoids, porphyritic granodiorites, microporphyritic granites and dykes/sheets of microgranite. The intermediate-to-mafic enclaves occur associated with porphyritic granitoids, showing mixture textures. The porphyrytic diorites occur as isolated bodies, generally associated with intermediate-to-mafic enclaves and locally as enclaves within porphyritic granites. The granodiorites represent mixing between an intermediate to mafic magma with an acidic one. The micropophyritic granites occur as isolated small bodies, generally deformed, while the microgranite dykes/sheets crosscut all the previous granitoids. A U-Pb zircon age of 576 + 3 Ma was obtained for the Serrinha granite. This age is interpreted as age of the peak of the regional ductile deformational event (D3) and of the associated the E-W Rio Jacu shear zone, which control the emplacement of the Neoproterozoic syntectonic plutons. The porphyrytic granitoids show monzogranitic composition, transitional between peraluminous and metaluminous types, typically of the high potassium subalkaline-calc-alkaline series. The intermediate-to-mafic enclaves present vary from quartz diorite to tonalite/granodiorite, with metaluminous, shoshonitic affinity. The diorites are generally quartz-monzodiorite in composition, with metaluminous, subalkaline affinity. They display coarse-grained, inequigranular, porphyrytic texture, with predominance of plagioclase phenocrystals immersed in a matrix composed of biotite and pyroxenes. The microporphyrytic granites are essentially monzogranites of fine- to medium-grained texture, whereas microgranite dikes/sheets varying from monzogranites to syenogranites, with fine to media texture, equigranular. The diversified magmatism occurring at a relatively small surface associated with shear zones, suggests lithospheric dimensions for such structures, with magma extractions from different depths within the lower crust and upper mantle. The geological, geochemical and geochronological characteristics of the Serrinha plutonic suite suggest a pos-collisional geodynamic context for the Neoproterozoic magmatism. Thermobarometric data show emplacement conditions in the range 5-6 kbar (AlTamphibole) and 730-740°C (plagioclase-amphibole) for the porphyrytic granitoids (Serrinha body) and the intermediate-to-mafic enclavesMaster Thesis Sistemas orbitais e aéreos aplicados à análise multi-escala da tectônica rúptil atuante na borda sudeste da Bacia do Parnaíba(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006-08-25) Justo, Ana Paula; Bezerra, Francisco Hilario Rego; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050302316049061; ; Amaro, Venerando Eustáquio; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783253A6; Mello, Cláudio Limeira; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8440044607836952The tectonics activity on the southern border of Parnaíba Basin resulted in a wide range of brittle structures that affect siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. This tectonic activity and related faults, joints, and folds are poorly known. The main aims of this study were (1) to identify lineaments using several remotesensing systems, (2) to check how the interpretation based on these systems at several scales influence the identification of lineaments, and (3) to contribute to the knowledge of brittle tectonics in the southern border of the Parnaíba Basin. The integration of orbital and aerial systems allowed a multi-scale identification, classification, and quantification of lineaments. Maps of lineaments were elaborated in the following scales: 1:200,000 (SRTM Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission), 1:50,000 (Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite), 1:10,000 (aerial photographs) and 1:5,000 (Quickbird satellite). The classification of the features with structural significance allowed the determination of four structural sets: NW, NS, NE, and EW. They were usually identified in all remote-sensing systems. The NE-trending set was not easily identified in aerial photographs but was better visualized on images of medium-resolution systems (SRTM and Landsat 7 ETM+). The same behavior characterizes the NW-trending. The NS-and EW-trending sets were better identified on images from high-resolution systems (aerial photographs and Quickbird). The structural meaning of the lineaments was established after field work. The NEtrending set is associated with normal and strike-slip faults, including deformation bands. These are the oldest structures identified in the region and are related to the reactivation of Precambrian basement structures from the Transbrazilian Lineament. The NW-trending set represents strike-slip and subordinated normal faults. The high dispersion of this set suggests a more recent origin than the previous structures. The NW-trending set may be related to the Picos-Santa Inês Lineament. The NS-and EW-trending sets correspond to large joints (100 m 5 km long). The truncation relationships between these joint sets indicate that the EW-is older than the NS-trending set. The methodology developed by the present work is an excellent tool for the understanding of the regional and local tectonic structures in the Parnaíba basin. It helps the choice of the best remote-sensing system to identify brittle features in a poorly known sedimentary basinMaster Thesis Geologia e paleontologia de depósitos fossilíferos pleistocênicos do Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006-05-19) Santos, Maria de Fátima Cavalcante Ferreira dos; Lima Filho, Francisco Pinheiro; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9888320802954176; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785219Y6; Srivastava, Narendra Kumar; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780135Y7This study deals with origin, sedimentary filling and fossil content of three tanks situated at Antônio Martins, Barcelona, Rui Barbosa, and Apodi counties, Rio Grande do Norte State. In addition, fossil materials from the Câmara Cascudo Museum - UFRN - Fundação Amigos do Lajedo Soledade - FALS, and from private ownership were investigated. The following families were identified: Megatberiidae, Gomphotheriidae, Mylodontidae, Equidae, Felidae, Canidae, Hydrochoeridae, Camelidae, Cervidae, Dasypodidae, Glyptodontidae, Macraucheniidae, Toxodontidae, and an undetermined Edentata Pilosa. The megafauna analysis indicated that herbivorc families occur mainly in tanks, whereas carnivore families occur in a vast proportion in an investigated ravine. Taphonomie analyses were limited to physical features because the vast majority of fossils were previously colleted without appropriate care for this kind of study. The main fossization processes were identified during diagenetie investigation. Permineralization is the most important process and replacement is the secondary one during fossilization. The study concluded that paleoenvironmental conditions during the late Pleistocene were more humid than the current one. Tropical savana, characterized by fields and cerrados , was the dominant vegetationMaster Thesis Monitoramento costeiro das praias de São Bento do Norte e Caiçara do Norte RN: implicações para o pólo petrolífero de Guamaré(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2002-02-26) Tabosa, Werner Farkatt; Vital, Helenice; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3595069999049968; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1313536081076361; Souza Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins e; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; Oliveira, Jorge Eduardo Lins; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781872Z1; Amaro, Venerando Eustáquio; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783253A6This dissertation the results of a research developed in the area of São Bento do Norte and Caiçara do Norte, northern coast of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, during the period of June of 2000 to August of 2001, in the ambit of the projects MAMBMARÉ (CNPq/CTPETRO) and PROBRAL (CAPES/DAAD).The objective principal of this research was the characterization of the sedimentary dynamics of this coast, with base in data of coastal process (winds, currents, waves and tides), with topographical risings (beach profiles and dunes), satellite images and sedimentary analyses. The more specific objectives were accomplished the coastal monitoring of this coast, to verify the maintenance of an erosive tendency or progradacional after the groynes construction for contention of the erosion in the beach of Caiçara do Norte, as well as to verify the influence of the features of bottom of the platform interns adjacent on the pole petroliferous of Guamaré. The executed monitoramento allowed to identify that the movement of the sediments, along the year, in that area, is cyclical, reaching the largest oscillations during the months of winter (deposition) and they will summer (erosion). The sedimentologic studies indicated a general tendency for sands quartzosas, with gravel presence, moderately to good selected, with asymmetry predominantly negative. In agreement with the parameter of Dean (1957), used in the identification of the state morfodinâmico of the beaches, monitored beaches, are basically reflectivas with tendency to middlemen, what frames that space of the coast norteriograndense, as a space strongly vulnerable to erosive processes. The studies developed in the platform, it interns of this area, allowed to visualize for the first time, in large scale, the distribution of the features of the submarine bottom to the batométrico coat of 25 meters. Being pointed out the presence of a high one topographical submerged, with about 5 meters of height, 1 km of width and more than 24 meters of extension, located in the platform it interns in front of São Bento do Norte; coincident with the trend of the system of flaws of Carnaubais. This feature relay an important paper on the control of the sedimentary processes and oceanographic, as well as in the coastal evolution of this area of the RN state, and they affect the area of the pole petroliferous of Guamaré directly. These results contribute to a better knowledge of the processes in the area, and consequently as subsidies implantation of measures of coastal and environmental protection for the cities of São Bento do Norte and Caiçara do Norte, as well as to understand how the geological-sedimentary processes and oceanographic, in this area, are influencing the characteristics geoambientais of the pole petroliferous of GuamaréMaster Thesis Correlação entre contexto morfoestrutural e sismicidade nas regiões de João Câmara e São Rafael (RN)(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2000-06-30) Amaral, Cristiano de Andrade; Bezerra, Francisco Hilario Rego; Amaro, Venerando Eustáquio; ; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783253A6; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050302316049061;This MSc thesis describes brittle deformation in two seismic zones located in north-eastern Brazil: João Câmara and São Rafael, Rio Grande do Norte State. Both areas show seismogenic faults, Samambaia and São Rafael, indicated by narrow zones of epicentres with a strike of 040o, a lenght of 30 km and 4 km, and a depth of 1-12 and 0,5-4 km, respectively. The first seismological and geological studies suggested blind faults or faults that were still in the beginning of the nucleation process. The region is under E-W-oriented compression and is underlain by Precambrian terrains, deformed by one or more orogenic cycles, which generated shear zones generally marked by strong pervasive foliation and sigmoidal shapes. The crystalline basement is capped by the Cretaceous Potiguar basin, which is also locally capped by Pliocene continental siliciclastic deposits (Barreiras Formation), and Quaternary alluvium. The main aim of this study was to map epicentral areas and find whether there are any surface geological or morphotectonic expression related to the seismogenic faults. A detailed geological map was carried out in both seismic areas in order to identify brittle structures and fault-related drainage/topographic features. Geological and morphotectonic evidence indicate that both seismogenic faults take place along dormant structures. They either cut Cenozoic rocks or show topographic expression, i.e., are related to topographic heights or depressions and straight river channels. Faults rocks in the Samambaia and São Rafael faults are cataclasite, fault breccia, fault gouge, pseudotachylyte, and quartz veins, which point to reactivation processes in different crustal levels. The age of the first Samambaia and the São Rafael faulting movement possibly ranges from late Precambrian to late Cretaceous. Both fault cut across Precambrian fabric. They also show evidence of brittle processes which took place between 4 and 12 km deep, which probably have not occurred in Cenozoic times. The findings are of great importance for regional seismic hazard. They indicate that fault zones are longer than previously suggested by seismogenic studies. According to the results, the methodology used during this thesis may also be useful in other neotectonic investigation in intraplate areasMaster Thesis Interpretação de dados de GPR com base na hierarquização de superfícies limitantes e na adaptação de critérios sismoestratigráficos(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005-06-17) Andrade, Peryclys Raynyere de Oliveira; Medeiros, Walter Eugênio de; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2170299963939072; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3605924300115267; Córdoba, Valéria Centurlon; ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8212523609187259Due to its high resolution, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been used to image subsurface sedimentary deposits. Because GPR and Seismic methods share some principles of image construction, the classic seismostratigraphic interpretation method has been also applied as an attempt to interpret GPR data. Nonetheless some advances in few particular contexts, the adaptations from seismic to GPR of seismostratigraphic tools and concepts unsuitable because the meaning given to the termination criteria in seismic stratigraphy do not represent the adequate geologic record in the GPR scale. Essentially, the open question relies in proposing a interpretation method for GPR data which allow not only relating product and sedimentary process in the GPR scale but also identifying or proposing depositional environments and correlating these results with the well known Sequence Stratigraphy cornerstones. The goal of this dissertation is to propose an interpretation methodology of GPR data able to perform this task at least for siliciclastic deposits. In order to do so, the proposed GPR interpretation method is based both on seismostratigraphic concepts and on the bounding surface hierarchy tool from Miall (1988). As consequence of this joint use, the results of GPR interpretation can be associated to the sedimentary facies in a genetic context, so that it is possible to: (i) individualize radar facies and correlate them to the sedimentary facies by using depositional models; (ii) characterize a given depositional system, and (iii) determine its stratigraphic framework highligthing how it evolved through geologic time. To illustrate its use the proposed methodology was applied in a GPR data set from Galos area which is part of the Galinhos spit, located in Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. This spit presents high lateral sedimentary facies variation, containing in its sedimentary record from 4th to 6th cicles caused by high frequency sea level oscillation. The interpretation process was done throughout the following phases: (i) identification of a vertical facies succession, (ii) characterization of radar facies and its associated sedimentary products, (iii) recognition of the associated sedimentary process in a genetic context, and finally (iv) proposal of an evolutionay model for the Galinhos spit. This model proposes that the Galinhos spit is a barrier island constituted, from base to top, of the following sedimentary facies: tidal channel facies, tidal flat facies, shore facies, and aeolic facies (dunes). The tidal channel facies, in the base, is constituted of lateral accretion bars and filling deposits of the channels. The base facies is laterally truncated by the tidal flat facies. In the foreshore zone, the tidal flat facies is covered by the shore facies which is the register of a sea transgression. Finally, on the top of the stratigraphic column, aeolic dunes are deposited due to areal exposition caused by a sea regression