Programa de Pós-Graduação em História
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Doctoral Thesis Daniel Pedro Ferro Cardoso contra o Império: a trajetória de um republicano “vermelho de ideias” (1855-1899)(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-04-08) Airaghi, Paulo Vitor Sauerbronn; Rocha, Raimundo Nonato Araújo da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-6138; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2731237954780451; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-5208; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1559679786939132; Souza, Adriana Barreto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7574579937795901; Sales Neto, Francisco Firmino; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-4638; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3836760295812952; Gonçalves, Márcia de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6119231074162915; Arrais, Raimundo Pereira Alencar; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1000; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8252775667149757This thesis reconstructs, based on the trajectory of Daniel Pedro Ferro Cardoso (1837- 1899), the circumstances that permeated the involvement of republican propagandists in favor of the establishment of a Republic in Brazil. The emphasis is placed particularly on the period between 1855 and 1899, with 1855 marking the consolidation of the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes (AIBA) as an institution focused on nation-building. The choice for 1899 refers to the period in which the silencing of historical republicans became evident and, at the same time, coincides with the death of Ferro Cardoso. In discussions of Republican propaganda during the Brazilian Empire, this individual is highlighted as one of the founders of the Partido Republicano (1870), a member of its board, a co-creator of the newspaper A República (RJ), and the party’s chosen representative to greet Emilio Castellar in Spain (1873). This figure also played a prominent role in popular movements of the period, such as the greengrocers' strike, the formation of the Liga Operária, discussions on customs protection at the Sociedade Auxiliadora da Indústria Nacional (SAIN), the Vintém Riot and the Riot against the Saraiva Electoral Reform. Ferro Cardoso's activities occurred at a time when capitalism was developing in Brazil, aimed at modernizing the national productive structure. In this context, his activities at SAIN can be interpreted alongside his advocacy for workers’ organization, as he argued that the Republic should provide space for workers’ mobilization and opposed policies focused solely on economic development. In the construction of this trajectory, the figures with whom he shared political ideals and actions were identified: Pedro Américo, Octaviano Hudson, Lopes Trovão, José do Patrocínio, among others. Ferro Cardoso's activities and his contribution to the weakening of the Brazilian Empire took place in three different spaces: Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro and Europe. In the early years of the Brazilian Republic, Cardoso also stood as a candidate for federal deputy representing Rio Grande do Norte and for senator representing Rio de Janeiro but was ultimately defeated. Drawing on contemporary issues, the text examines how a figure who played a prominent role in Republican propaganda came to occupy such a secondary position in the established Republic. Based on Ferro Cardoso’s trajectory, it is possible to identify the emergence of distinct Republican cultures during the Empire, distinguishing both the numerous agents who influenced the process and the various spaces in which the Republican culture he defended was formed. The text demonstrates that Ferro Cardoso envisioned a republic in which workers (skilled laborers, engineers, and inventors) would participate actively in public life. This vision was evident in his actions during Republican propaganda campaigns, in the electoral activities he engaged in, and in the recommendations published in the press for him to assume positions in Republican governments. The text also reveals that the Republican project Cardoso advocated coexisted with other Republican projects in the Brazilian Empire; however, it was ultimately silenced after the proclamation of the Republic.