Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas
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Master Thesis Comparação da percepção estética facial entre dois métodos de posicionamento sagital maxilo-mandibular na cirurgia ortognática(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-10-23) Silva, João Pedro Dantas; Silva, José Sandro Pereira da; Pereira, Hallissa Simplicio Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-6318; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8173554638047087; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-7175; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7625795408417124; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0086292483758237; Alves, Arthur César de Medeiros; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-4142; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755701532051913; Ribeiro, Alexandre AntonioIntroduction: In the diagnosis of maxillofacial skeletal discrepancies, varying cephalometric analyses can yield inconsistent results, thereby complicating the determination of the optimal sagittal positioning for facial aesthetics. Facial aesthetic perception is a critical factor in the planning and outcome of orthognathic surgery, directly impacting patient satisfaction and quality of life. Objective: To compare the facial aesthetic perception of orthognathic surgery outcomes planned using two different maxillomandibular sagittal positioning methods—the True Vertical Line (TVL) and the Barcelona Line (BL)—as assessed by orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and laypersons. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, observational study utilizing a quantitative approach. Images of four individuals (one male and one female each with a Class II and a Class III facial pattern) were selected. These individuals were subjected to orthognathic surgery simulations utilizing the two sagittal positioning methods. The images were evaluated by 120 raters: 40 orthodontists, 40 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and 40 laypersons, who assigned aesthetic attractiveness scores to each simulation. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of the raters' age on the results. A Mixed Linear Model was employed to compare the aesthetic perception among the three rater groups. Data were statistically analyzed, adopting a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Analysis of the results demonstrated a clear rater preference for the profiles planned with the Barcelona Line, particularly the BCL0 and BCL2 projections, compared to the True Vertical Line profiles and the preoperative profile (PREF). Conclusion: For facial aesthetic planning in orthognathic surgery, the Barcelona Line is preferable to the True Vertical Line and the preoperative profile.Master Thesis Efeito do Tocilizumabe na regeneração óssea: inibição seletiva do receptor il-6 em defeitos ósseos críticos(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-12-11) Melo, Rômulo Camilo de Oliveira; Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-4695; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3531154240424211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0841818499374842; Vieira, Basílio Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-7773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0245597908831634; Gonzaga, Amanda Katarinny Goes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-6451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8616969977611804Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a biphasic role in bone tissue. While it promotes initial bone repair, persistent signaling drives osteoclastogenesis and pathological resorption, as classically observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The clinical efficacy of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) blockade with tocilizumab (TCZ) in RA reinforces this axis as a therapeutic target and motivates its investigation in bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selective inhibition of IL6R with TCZ on the healing of critical-sized calvarial defects. This is a randomized, in vivo, pre-clinical study involving 24 male Wistar rats (n=12/group): control (collagen sponge) and TCZ (collagen sponge impregnated with TCZ, 2 mg/kg), both subjected to an 8-mm parietal defect. After 90 days, specimens were analyzed via microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and RT-qPCR. TCZ reduced mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (p < 0.05) and TNFα protein levels (p < 0.01), in addition to decreasing the gene expression of IL-6 (p <0.05), BMP-2 (p < 0.001), and RUNX-2 (p < 0.05). Increased immunostaining for RANKL and cathepsin K (p < 0.05) was observed, while IL-1β (ELISA), osteocalcin, osteopontina, and MMP-9 (IHC) remained unchanged. Micro-CT and histological assessments showed no increase in overall bone formation (p > 0.05), and counts of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes within the defect area were similar between groups (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the inhibition of the IL-6 pathway by TCZ effectively reduces local inflammation but compromises molecular signaling pathways involved in both osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis.Doctoral Thesis Análise imunohistoquímica do GLI-1, Snail1, E-caderina e Ncaderina e de fibroblastos associados ao câncer na carcinogênese oral(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-11-19) Carlan, Leonardo Magalhães; Galvão, Hebel Cavalcanti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8598456030414229; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2129244105609265; Soares, Ciro Dantas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-6640; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7961127069977379; Freitas, Roseana de Almeida; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-5375; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9512014003639405; Morais, Everton Freitas de; França, Glória Maria deIntroduction: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for neoplastic cells to invade surrounding tissues, and is regulated by transcription factors, including Gli-1, which induces increased expression of Snail1, leading to repression of E-cadherin and increased expression of N-cadherin. Furthermore, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to this process, demonstrating the importance of interaction with the tumor microenvironment. Objective: To analyze the expression of Gly-1, Snail1, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin, as well as the semi-quantification of CAFs using α-SMA, in specimens of well-differentiated and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), verrucous carcinoma (VC), poorly differentiated and undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, and epithelial dysplasias not associated with PVL (ED), verifying associations and correlations between these markers and the lesions. Methodology: 114 cases were evaluated, including 31 SCCs, 29 VCs, 24 EDs, 15 PVLs, 10 SCCs, and 5 controls, all originating from the oral cavity and head and neck region. Clinical and demographic data were collected, and histological sections were submitted to immunohistochemistry for Gli-1, Snail1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and α-SMA. Expression analysis was performed semi-quantitatively, and the data were submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Gli-1 showed higher expression levels in SCCs and ISCs and low expression in CVs (p < 0.001). Snail1 expression did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.093). In LVPs and DEs, Gli-1 and Snail were more evident in dysplastic areas, with no statistical difference between them. Membrane and cytoplasmic E-cadherin formed two large groups: SCCs/ISCs versus CVs/LVPs/DEs, exhibiting dysregulation of its labeling mainly in SCCs and ISCs (p < 0.001). N-cadherin showed reduced expression in CVs and CCEIs (p < 0.001). In the stroma, Gli-1 and Snail were less expressed in CVs (p = 0.001), while CAFs predominated in CCEIs (p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were observed between TF in the parenchyma and stroma, and negative correlations between membrane E-cadherin and CAFs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Gli-1 demonstrates distinct expression between CVs and CCEs/CCEIs, both in the parenchyma and stroma, suggesting that the particular biological behavior of these variants may be related to this process. Furthermore, the highest quantification of CAFs was more observed in lesions exhibiting dysregulated E-cadherin expression.Master Thesis Efeito de diferentes tratamentos de superfície e características superficiais na resistência de união de reparo em resinas impressas 3d e fresadas com resina composta: estudo in situ e in vitro(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-07-22) Almeida, Helena Nóbrega; Souza, Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-7178; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4744580649418084; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4600115296989303; Calderon, Patrícia dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-4019; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7722422585349321; Silva, Nathalia Ramos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3978329379339973Objective: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and in situ aging (IS) on the bond strength of repairs in 3D-printed and milled resins with composite resin, as well as to analyze the influence of surface treatments on the surface characteristics of the restorative materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 369 blocks (6 × 5 × 2.5 mm) were fabricated, with 123 blocks for each restorative material: Nanolab 3D/WILCOS (NL), Smile Crown Plus/BEGO (SC), and TetricCAD/IVOCLAR (TC). Among these, 270 samples were used for shear bond strength testing, while 99 were used for complementary analyses. Half of the shear test samples were previously aged in situ, being inserted into complete or free-end partial dentures for 60 days. The 135 aged and 135 non-aged samples were randomly assigned to three surface treatment groups (n=15): 1—diamond bur + adhesive (PdAd); 2—Al₂O₃ air-abrasion + adhesive (JaAd); 3—silicatization + silane + adhesive (CjSiAd). Composite resin cylinders (2.5 × 3 mm) were then built on the block surfaces. All 270 samples were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 5°–55°C) and subsequently to shear bond testing (1 mm/min, 100 kgf). After fracture, all samples were analyzed under a stereomicroscope for failure assessment. Additional samples were prepared for each material to evaluate treated surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, n=1) and surface roughness using an optical profilometer (n=10). Shear bond strength (MPa) and surface roughness data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test (5%), and Weibull analysis. Failure mode and surface analyses were evaluated qualitatively. Results: ANOVA revealed that the factors “restorative material” (p = 0.0013) and “in situ aging” (p < 0.0001) were statistically significant, while “surface treatment” was not (p = 0.1391). The SC JaAd group showed the highest bond strength (19.70 MPaᴬ), statistically similar to TC CjSiAd (15.78 MPaᴬᴮ), NL PdAd (15.62 MPaᴬᴮ), SC CjSiAd (14.72 MPaᴬᴮᶜ), and SC JaAd-IS (14.66 MPaᴬᴮᶜ). The lowest values were observed in TC JaAd-IS (9.28 MPaᴰ) and NL PdAd-IS (9.29 MPaᴰ). Adhesive failure was predominant in all materials (NL: 45%; SC: 34%; TC: 67%). SEM and roughness analyses indicated that JaAd and CjSiAd induced greater topographic changes in SC, whereas NL and TC showed no significant differences between protocols. Conclusion: In situ aging reduced repair bond strength in NL (PdAd) and TC (CjSiAd). For SC, the JaAd protocol maintained good performance, while silicatization (CjSiAd) was effective for NL and TC. Surface treatments altered the topography, with higher roughness in SC for JaAd and CjSiAd, while NL and TC exhibited similar roughness across protocols. These findings highlight the importance of considering the specific characteristics of each substrate when selecting repair protocols to optimize the clinical longevity of the adhesive interface.Master Thesis Desempenho clínico e desfechos centrados no paciente de próteses parciais removíveis provisórias impressas 3d: ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-05) Sousa, Lucas Cavalcante de; Carreiro, Adriana da Fonte Porto; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6618350120004415; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3000-8586; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3054453142400764; Aquino, Luana Maria Martins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5891139014604092; Cavalcanti, Yuri Wanderley; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-9904; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1303695205442802Provisional removable partial dentures (PRPDs) are commonly used as temporary treatment in the oral rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients, being considered a low-cost and quick-fabrication alternative. Despite the advantages of digital technology in the fabrication of dental prostheses, there is a gap in the literature regarding studies evaluating digitally manufactured PRPDs. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance and patient-centered outcomes of oral rehabilitation using PRPDs fabricated through conventional (CP) and 3D printing digital workflows (DP). This randomized controlled crossover clinical trial included partially edentulous patients randomized into two groups according to the treatment sequence: CP-DP (initially rehabilitated with a conventionally fabricated PRPD and, after 3 months, with a 3D-printed PRPD) and DP-CP (opposite sequence). The time required for clinical and laboratory steps, as well as the number of clinical appointments, was recorded. Technical quality was assessed using an adapted questionnaire; oral health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Brazilian version of the OHIP-14; patient satisfaction and willingness to pay were measured through a validated questionnaire; and masticatory performance was assessed using the mixing ability test. At the end of treatment, participants indicated their final preference for the type of denture. Descriptive analysis and paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used, with a significance level of 5% and a statistical power of 80%. The sample consisted of 18 participants rehabilitated with 21 PRPDs from both workflows, with a mean age of 46.78 ± 12.76 years. The 3D-printed PRPDs required less clinical and laboratory time and fewer clinical appointments (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding technical quality, oral health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction, willingness to pay, or masticatory performance (p>0.05). However, conventional PRPDs were more frequently selected as the final choice (71.43%). Therefore, 3D-printed PRPDs required less fabrication time and fewer clinical appointments, with clinical performance and patient-centered outcomes comparable to conventional ones. Nevertheless, conventional PRPDs were more frequently preferred as the final choice.Master Thesis Associação entre hipomineralização molar-incisivo e alterações oclusais em crianças(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-07-28) Costa, Lavínia Lourenço; Santos, Patricia Bittencourt Dutra dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6376; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2798353803267043; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3041520986363138; Azevedo, Isabelita Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5861654012332239; Maranhão, Olga Benário Vieira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-929X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9114696568391480Introduction: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect that affects one or more permanent first molars and may or may not involve the incisors. Patients with MIH may experience hypersensitivity, post-eruptive enamel breakdown, and rapid progression of carious lesions, increasing the need for preventive and restorative treatments. Some dental developmental defects have been associated with malocclusions, which directly impact orthodontic strategies. Objective: To investigate the possible association between MIH and occlusal alterations in children with mixed dentition. Methodology: Orthodontic records of children aged 8 to 12 years, treated at public universities and private clinics, were evaluated. Patients with craniofacial syndromes or anomalies were excluded, as were records with lowresolution images. Occlusal alterations were assessed using adapted criteria based on the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), and MIH was diagnosed according to the recommendations of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD). The examiner was calibrated for the diagnosis of MIH and occlusal alterations, obtaining a Kappa coefficient of 0.9. Associations between variables were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression. Results: The observed prevalence of MIH was 12.3%. No statistically significant associations were found between the presence of MIH and occlusal alterations. However, an association was observed between the presence of atypical caries lesions and posterior crossbite. Additionally, children with atypical carious lesions were 4.55 times more likely to present with posterior crossbite. Conclusion: Although no association was found between MIH and malocclusions, the presence of atypical caries lesions was significantly associated with posterior crossbite.Master Thesis Análise da ultrassonografia intraoral na determinação do fenótipo gengival em pacientes com recessão gengival(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-07-28) Gomes, Gabriela Ellen da Silva; Gurgel, Bruno César de Vasconcelos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-134X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4649601602612601; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7089-012X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5934749624976638; Lins, Ruthineia Diógenes Alves Uchôa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0047-5976; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4462076152744400; Almeida, Mariana Linhares; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-4084; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7244573613204185Intraoral ultrasonography (US) can generate real-time images in a less traumatic and painless manner for the patient without using ionizing radiation, making it ideal for exploring superficial tissues such as the gingival tissue. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of intraoral ultrasonography in determining gingival phenotype in patients with gingival recession. Materials e Methods: This is a diagnostic accuracy study involving a sample of 24 patients with RT1 gingival recession. Patients underwent gingival phenotype analysis using transgingival measurement (TGM) (reference standard) and intraoral ultrasonography (index test). Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman, Cohen's kappa coefficient (k), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: Twenty-four individuals participated in the study, with most being male, and a mean age of 30.25 years. Twenty-three individuals had recessions in premolar teeth. The mean gingival thickness determined by USG was 0.99±0.27 mm, while MTG was 0.78±0.22 mm. ICC=-0.434 (p=0.862); k=-0.048 (p=0.754). The mean difference between the methods was -0.20, with a limit of agreement between 0.57 and -0.97. Conclusion: Ultrasonography proved to be a method of low reliability, and a lack of agreement compared to transgingival measurement in determining gingival thickness.Master Thesis Caracterização tomográfica das possíveis áreas para instalação de mini-implantes do disjuntor C-expander(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-07-29) Oliveira, Anna Ellyse Grant de; Alves, Arthur Cesar de Medeiros; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-4142; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755701532051913; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0224673357861785; Santos, Patricia Bittencourt Dutra dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-6376; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2798353803267043; Ribeiro, Alexandre AntonioIntroduction: The C-expander is a tissue-bone-borne expander anchored to the maxilla by miniscrews inserted obliquely into the interradicular spaces of the posterior teeth. However, there is still no consensus regarding the ideal sites for miniscrews placement in this appliance. Objective: To evaluate, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the interradicular distance, alveolar bone thickness, palatal cortical bone thickness, and palatal mucosa thickness in different heights and angulations in the posterior alveolar region of the maxilla, aiming to suggest a protocol for miniscrew placement in the Cexpander appliance. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 57 CBCT scans of the maxilla, selected from the database of a dental radiology center. Scans of individuals of both sexes aged 15 years and older were included. The sample was divided into three age groups: Group A (15–30 years), Group B (31–45 years), and Group C (46– 59 years). The RadiAnt DICOM Viewer® software was used to measure the shortest interradicular distance distal to the canines (C–PM1), first premolars (PM1–PM2), second premolars (PM2–M1), and between the molars (M1–M2), in axial slices located 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm from the gingival margin (GM). Alveolar bone thickness, palatal cortical bone thickness, and palatal mucosa thickness were measured in coronal slices at insertion angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75° relative to the occlusal plane, at the same interradicular sites and vertical levels from the GM. Measurements were performed on one randomly selected side of the maxilla. Thirty percent of the sample was remeasured after one month to assess method error using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Intergroup comparisons by sex and age group were conducted using three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: An excellent reproducibility was found for all variables (ICC ≥ 0.777). Interradicular distance increased with vertical height at all sites, with the highest mean at the PM2–M1 region. Bone thickness was greater in anterior sites and in Group A, with significant sex differences across all sites, and decreased progressive with increased height and angulation. Cortical thickness was also greater in Group A, in anterior sites, and at lower heights. Palatal mucosa thickness increased progressively with greater height and angulation. No significant interactions were found between height/angulation and age or sex for any of the variables. Conclusions: The analysis of anatomical parameters enable the identification of the most favorable combinations of insertion height and angulation for each site. The most appropriate insertion angle for miniscrews decreased progressively from anterior to posterior regions. The C–PM1 site showed greater bone and cortical thickness; the PM2–M1 site had the widest interradicular distance; and in the M1–M2 region, more apical and less inclined insertions are recommended.Master Thesis Avaliação comparativa entre contatos oclusais registrados por método digital e convencional: estudo clínico(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-05) Luz, Sabrina Barth de Andrade; Barbosa, Gustavo Augusto Seabra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0788938137723541; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7804-9261; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4107469682692680; Calderon, Patricia dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-4019; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7722422585349321; Aquino, Luana Maria Martins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5891139014604092Aim: To quantify occlusal contacts obtained using the Occlusense device and compare them with those recorded using conventional articulating papers (100 µm and 200 µm) in different clinical scenarios. Methodology: This is a comparative clinical study involving a sample of 15 patients. Each participant underwent occlusal analysis using three methods: 100 µm articulating paper, 200 µm articulating paper, and the Occlusense device. Recordings were obtained under two clinical conditions: maximal intercuspal force and deglutition. Occlusal contacts were classified based on morphology (point or area) and intensity (light or strong), according to criteria previously established in the literature. Data were statistically analyzed at a 5% significance level using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, followed by the Friedman test and Wilcoxon post-hoc analysis. Results: The Occlusense demonstrated a higher detection rate of point contacts under maximal force in the right posterior and anterior regions, and in the left posterior region during deglutition, when compared to articulating papers. For area-based analysis, a statistically significant difference was observed only in the right posterior region during deglutition. In all other conditions, the methods showed similar outcomes. Conclusion: The Occlusense showed greater sensitivity in identifying point contacts, particularly under maximal force, supporting its use as a complementary tool to conventional occlusal analysis, especially in cases requiring greater control of contact intensity.Master Thesis Efeito in vitro da escovação simulada na estabilidade de cor, rugosidade de superfície e adesão microbiológica de resinas compostas de caracterização para bases de próteses dentárias impressas em 3d(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-06) Bezerra, Pâmela Tayná Matias; Carreiro, Adriana da Fonte Porto; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6618350120004415; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0896577607714238; Aquino, Luana Maria Martins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5891139014604092; Costa, Moan Jéfter Fernandes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-5863; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7068268268110586With advances in CAD-CAM systems, new digital technologies have optimized the fabrication of complete dentures. In this context, photopolymerizable materials have been introduced for the extrinsic characterization of 3D-printed denture bases. However, studies evaluating the performance of these materials in terms of surface and microbiological properties, especially after mechanical brushing, remain scarce. Therefore, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated brushing on color stability, surface roughness, and microbial adhesion of characterizing resin composites with different viscosities applied to denture base materials. Discs (10 × 3.0 mm) were fabricated using a 3D-printed denture base resin (Bio Denture; PRIZMA) (n=45) and a conventional heat-polymerized resin (VIPICRIL; VIPI) (n = 15). Three extrinsic characterizations (2 mm thick) were applied to the printed discs: one regular viscosity (Make Smile Gengiva Fill [RV]) and two low-viscosity composites (Make Smile Pigmento [LV_49] and Lite Art Stain [LV_30]), all light-cured (25W/5 minutes). The heat-polymerized resin was processed and characterized with conventional pink pigment (STG [STG]) using the compression molding technique. Color coordinates and color stability (ΔE₀₀) were measured using a colorimeter; surface roughness (Ra) was assessed by optical profilometry; and microbial adhesion was quantified by counting Candida albicans (log CFU/mL) before and after 20,000 cycles of simulated brushing. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests for comparisons between resin types, and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). Groups STG and LV_49 showed significantly greater color changes compared to LV_30 and RV (p < 0.05), although all materials remained within clinically acceptable limits (ΔE₀₀ ≤ 2.25). Brushing increased surface roughness in all groups except for the STG group (p < 0.05). Microbial adhesion increased significantly after brushing (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, simulated brushing affected the color of the materials, although changes remained within acceptable clinical limits. Simulated brushing affected the color stability of the materials, with greater variation observed in the STG and LV_49 groups. Surface roughness increased in the characterizing composites and decreased in the conventional resin. Candida albicans adhesion increased after brushing, with no differences among the materials.