Turismo e resiliência em comunidades locais no âmbito das áreas naturais protegidas: enfoque analítico na Área de Proteção Ambiental Jenipabu, RN, Brasil

Abstract

The main objective of this thesis is to understand whether the pressures and impacts of tourism on Jenipabu beach, a community belonging to the Área de Proteção Ambiental Jenipabu, interfere with the resilient response process. The research has a qualitative and quantitative approach of an exploratory and descriptive nature. In addition, it relies on systematic bibliographical research using the Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist (Proknow-C), with support from the free software Zotero and Atlas.ti, as well as documentary and field research. Regarding the data collection plan, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were carried out, combined with on-site observations and photographic records. Furthermore, the Transcultural-Community Resilience Scale (T-CRS) was used in an adapted form, based on non-probabilistic convenience sampling, resulting in the application of 134 questionnaires. The study has a proposed analytical model, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-ResponseResilience (DPSIR-R), adapted (European Environmental Agency, 1999). The data analysis and interpretation process took place through content analysis and descriptive statistics analysis. The latter was carried out with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24 for Windows. The results indicated that, in Jenipabu Beach, tourism is the main economic activity, offering a diversity of tours, services and tourist enterprises. The diagnosis of the pressures and impacts of tourism on Jenipabu Beach was revealed based on the following dimensions: public management, infrastructure, environmental, cultural, social and economic As for the results of the T-CRS scale (adapted), and based on the cut-off of the subjects of this research, the resilient response to the pressures and impacts of tourism on Jenipabu beach is positive. Thus, based on the results of the theoretical and empirical discussion, a set of conditions, characteristics and actions were launched to make the resilient response positive in local communities within the scope of protected natural areas, which cover the following topics: 1. Readiness and Preparation; 2 Cooperation and Collaboration; 3. Flexibility and Adaptability; 4. Effective and democratic communication: 5. Recovery Capacity; 6. Local Empowerment; 7. Inclusion and Equity; 8. Long-Term Planning. Finally, based on the theoretical contribution presented and the results found in this thesis, it is necessary to emphasize that, even in the face of a scenario of uncertainty, pressure, impacts, crises and instabilities in the tourist system, communities can still have a resilient response positive, but at the same time they can demonstrate weaknesses and vulnerabilities in dimensions of community resilience (CR), as was the case of Praia de Jenipabu, presented in the dimensions of community trust and faith, and mainly in that of state or administrative honesty, as it presents considerable dissatisfaction and distrust with the performance of public authorities.