Segurança do paciente e cuidados de enfermagem com acesso venoso central: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Central venous access plays a crucial role in contemporary healthcare practice, allowing the safe and effective administration of medications and fluids directly into the patient's central circulation. However, one of the most common complications is bloodstream infections. associated with unfavorable health outcomes. From this perspective, the objective of this study is to identify nursing care with central venous access and patient safety strategies described in the literature to prevent bloodstream infections. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature, carried out in December 2024 in databases indexed to the Virtual Health Library (BIREME), through access from the Federated Academic Community (CAFe). Descriptors and crossings were used ("Patient Safety") AND ("Catheter-Related Infections") AND ("Nursing Care"), initially resulting in 24 studies, as eligibility criteria a time frame of 5 years and available studies were used in full, after analysis five articles were included in the final version. Results: Five articles were analyzed that highlighted the following as essential factors for preventing bloodstream infections: Strict hand hygiene, before and after handling the catheter; Changing dressings, using aseptic techniques and respecting regular intervals; Monitoring catheter dwell time to reduce unnecessary exposure; Proper handling of the device, minimizing unnecessary touches and always using sterile materials; Adoption of institutional protocols, which guide good practices and promote uniformity of care. Conclusion: Nursing care to prevent healthcare-related infections is well described in the literature, however, the need for attention and strict compliance with preventive measures and protocols for handling central venous access is highlighted. The work makes relevant contributions to nursing, as it reinforces the importance of professionals adopting evidence-based practices to improve the care and safety of patients with central venous access.