Acolhimento às pessoas transexuais e travestis nos serviços de saúde - revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Welcoming care is a fundamental ethical-political guideline in the delivery of healthcare. A lack of adequate response to the needs of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals within healthcare services increases their vulnerability and may result in both reluctance to seek care and the abandonment of treatment. Objective: To map the existing evidence in the literature regarding the welcoming of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals in healthcare services. Methods: This scoping review employed a qualitative and descriptive approach. Studies were selected from the following databases: APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS. The searches were conducted in May 2025. From each article, the following data were extracted: title, objective, study type, methodology, journal of publication, year, country/state in which the study was conducted, level of healthcare, and evidence related to welcoming practices. Results: 29 qualitative articles, 7 are reviews and 1 is a cross-sectional study. All of which were published in the LILACS database. Regarding the year of publication, 1 article was published in 2011, 4 in 2017, 3 in 2019, 3 in 2020, 5 in 2021, 6 in 2022, 10 in 2023, 4 in 2024 and 1 in 2025. Among the study location, 6 were collections in the literature to which the location item did not apply, 5 made evaluations related to Brazil as a whole, 13 publications were of studies carried out in the Southeast region, 8 in the Northeast, 3 in the South and 2 in the Central-West. Alluding to the level of healthcare, 13 articles addressed healthcare services in general, while both primary and secondary care were explored in 11 studies each and 3 discussed Tertiary Care. The most frequently evidence of reception was discrimination in services, addressed in 29 texts, followed by the lack of professional training for care, discussed in 26 works, 19 explained the non-use of the social name, 8 exposed situations of good reception and 7 referenced a cisheteronormative professional discourse/practice. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for contemporary healthcare practices to recognize and respond to the specific needs of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals. Inadequate welcoming practices can have significant negative impacts on their health and well-being. Additionally, the review identified effective strategies for promoting care that is safe, respectful, universal, comprehensive, equitable, and humanized.