Análise bibliométrica do reúso agrícola de esgoto e seus efeitos na qualidade do solo no Brasil

Abstract

The water crisis and data comparing high water consumption in sectors, such as agriculture, highlight the poor distribution of water use and requires a solution that serves everyone. As a result, the use of wastewater in irrigation (agricultural reuse) appears as an alternative to increasing water supply, resulting in greater availability of drinking water, which is essential for other purposes. However, some problems regarding the risk of impacts on soil quality in the long term cannot be neglected, which requires monitoring programs, which are made possible through protocols for the operationalization of these analyses. This work aimed, through a bibliometric analysis, to evaluate the advances made regarding the theme of agricultural reuse over the years (from 1990 to 2023) in the scientific field and, thus, propose improvements so that this technique can be developed more efficiently. This research was carried out in the Web of Science (WOS) database, using the terms “reuse of effluent” and “soil” to filter the publications registered to date, accounting for 1.128 articles registered in the world and 128 registered in Brazil that presented information on one or both of the themes, of which 66 Brazilian articles brought together titles on agricultural and soil reuse. Microsoft Excel spreadsheets were used to analyze the data obtained. From this analysis, it was noted that there was little monitoring of some soil quality indicators after the application of the reuse technique – particularly the degree of salinization, which was little discussed in the articles analyzed – which presupposes that there is little discussion about the risks of contamination. that they can cause in soils and leading to the conclusion that more analyzes are needed addressing other indicators (pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, organic matter, potential acidity, micronutrient contents and granulometry) and the deepening of the topic so that their impacts are known, discussed and added up more effectively.