Validação clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagem risco de função cardiovascular prejudicada: estudo de caso-controle

Abstract

The cardiovascular system plays a vital role in the functioning of the body. Its functions are interconnected and work together to ensure body homeostasis. However, this system can be compromised by cardiovascular conditions. Therefore, the present study aims to clinically validate the nursing diagnosis Risk for impaired cardiovascular function in primary health care users. This is a case-control study, carried out with 88 primary health care users in the city of Natal. Data collection was carried out between May and June 2024, using an instrument containing sociodemographic and clinical information, as well as risk factors, populations at risk and associated conditions of the NANDA International diagnosis Risk for Impaired Cardiovascular Function. For comparison between groups, the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the adjusted multiple logistic regression model were used, with effect measures expressed in Odds Ratio (OR). This study was approved by the responsible Research Ethics Committee. Most participants were female (67%), with a partner (56.8%), self-declared brown (65.9%), with low income (80.6%) and unemployed (50%). Regarding the level of education, 45.4% had a low level of education. The majority also identified themselves as practicing some religion (57.9%). Regarding clinical data, the majority had a high body mass index (69.3%), blood pressure (82.9%) and adequate blood glucose levels (92%). The risk factors that showed a statistical association with impaired cardiovascular function are: body mass index above normal parameters for age and sex (p = 0.001; OR = 5.78), elderly (p < 0.001; OR = 6.5), postmenopausal women (p < 0.001; OR = 7.28), diabetes (p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p < 0.001; OR = 7.8). When evaluated together, the risk factors that may increase the chances of developing impaired cardiovascular function are: elderly (p = 0.008; OR = 5.15), body mass index above normal parameters for age and sex (p = 0.020; OR = 4.11) and insulin resistance (p = 0.003; OR = 6.08). It is concluded that the diagnosis of risk of impaired cardiovascular function is verifiable in primary care users with seven risk factors of greater diagnostic prediction, including high body mass index, elderly, postmenopausal women, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. These findings reinforce the need to continuously assess these risks in users treated in primary care to prevent future cardiovascular complications.