Análise multitemporal da lâmina d'água do açude Gargalheiras por meio de técnicas de geoprocessamento auxiliada com dados de precipitação

Abstract

In Brazil, the volume of water available for consumption is unevenly distributed between different regions, especially in the Northeast, where there is water scarcity, due to unfavorable climatic characteristics in the region. The water crisis that occurred between 2012 and 2017 impacted several areas of the semi-arid region, affecting the storage of surface water bodies, which led to the interruption of water supply in several municipalities. To develop public policies capable of mitigating these effects, it is necessary to know the water availability and, for this, monitoring studies in the water depth of these environments are indispensable. This work aims to analyze the water mirror between the years 2013 and 2020 of the Gargalheiras reservoir, located in the municipality of Acari, Rio Grande do Norte, using rainfall data for the period considered. The methodology used was divided into four stages: bibliographic and cartographic survey; acquisition of satellite images; digital image processing and data analysis and interpretation. It was found, between the years 2013 and 2020, a significant variation in the area of the water mirror of the weir, whose values were 245.60 ha (2013), 7.82 ha (2015), 0.369 ha (2017) and 366.88 ha (2020), due to annual rainfall rates in the region, which for these years were 217.8 mm, 341.8 mm, 379 mm and 766.5 mm, respectively. In view of this result, it is concluded that the GIS proved to be effective in mapping the water mirrors of satellite images, proving it as an important tool for the management and dimensioning of these water bodies.