Da crítica da razão negra e do colonialismo à necropolítica: metamorfoses coloniais (a filosofia política e pós-colonial de Achille Mbembe)

Abstract

This thesis addresses three fundamental aspects of Achille Mbembe's work: the question of race in the Critique of Black Reason, the critique of colonialism and its metamorphoses in the rise of the concepts of enmity and necropolitics in contemporary times. To achieve this objective, the thesis is structured into three chapters. The first chapter examines the formation of the idea of race by analyzing white discourse and colonial invasion. It revisits the critique of the concept of blackness and race, which emerged from the racial designations imposed by white Europeans, culminating in the notion of black reason. The second chapter delves into colonial-racial relations, exploring Mbembe's critique of colonialism alongside other Pan-Africanist authors. It analyzes their critique of racial colonial domination, centered on Europe's power as the hub of modernity, and examines how philosophical modernity has contributed to the dehumanization of black individuals and Africa. The third chapter investigates the contemporary metamorphosis of racial-colonial relations, focusing on their adaptation and reconfiguration in modern times. It elucidates how social relations have evolved into politics of enmity, marked by the identification of internal and external adversaries. Furthermore, it explores how these processes have led to a biopolitical logic of segregating people and territories, resulting in the exclusion and elimination of individuals and social groups. This contemporary form of politics embodies a necropolitical framework, delineating who should live and who should die and transforming political relations into necropolitics.