A adoção da governança da inteligência artificial generativa em universidades públicas brasileiras

Abstract

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has increasingly been recognized as a transformative force in higher education, offering benefits such as enhancing learning experiences and improving efficiency in academic research. However, a scoping review revealed that significant challenges persist, including concerns related to student data privacy, the spread of misinformation, and biases in assessment processes. Additionally, the review identified a lack of governance frameworks capable of effectively managing the ethical, regulatory, and operational impacts of GAI in higher education institutions. Addressing this gap, the present study aimed to understand the level of governance adoption for GAI usage in the 24 top-ranked Brazilian public universities, as listed in at least one of the academic excellence rankings: Ranking Universitário Folha 2024, QS World University Ranking 2025, and Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2025. The research is classified as qualitative, adopting an exploratory approach, and was conducted through a documentary study. Data collection involved gathering information from institutional websites and sending forms to request additional information from the selected universities. Thematic analysis was employed for data processing and analysis. Based on the analysis of the themes - structural mechanisms, procedural mechanisms, communication mechanisms, and training mechanisms - it was observed that none of the 24 analyzed institutions reached an advanced level of GAI governance adoption. However, a promising scenario emerges as 11 universities demonstrate intermediate-stage initiatives, indicating progress toward governance maturity. The findings of this study may provide valuable insights for developing practical actions and institutional policies to strengthen GAI governance in higher education.