Fungos Gasteroides Basidiomycota em áreas da Amazônia Central

Abstract

Brazil have the greater biodiversity in this planet, being the Amazon Forest the largest Moist Forest in the world, with high animal, vegetal, and microbial diversity. The poor state of knowledge about fungal diversity is annoying, and recent estimatives points that tropical forests may have most of species not yet described. Pioneers works demonstrated the ocurrency of a gasteroid mycobiota very rich and the few works about gasteroid fungal diversity in the amazon region points that those estimatives are coherent to this group too. However, with the fast degradation of big areas with tropical forests by the human activity, becomes imperative the study of biodiversity in this areas as a way to guide the development of researches and methods relatives to sustentability. The objectives of this work was to investigate the gasteroid fungal species ocurrying in vegetated areas of Manaus city and around, Amazonas state, Brazil, through taxonomic studies of collected specimens and bibliographic revision. During part of the rainy season of 2013 (January and frebuary) incursions to the field was realized to colletct samples in the study areas. Basidiomata are photographed and after described and macro- and microscopically illustrated. Addictionally to the identifications, this study comparatively discuss the 17 described species, distributed in Cyathus, Geastrum, Morganella, Phallus and Mutinus genders. Two of them were new to science (Morganella sp. nov. and Cyathus sp. nov.). Four of them were new to the amazon domain (C. earlei, M. velutina, G. subiculosum and G. triplex). One was a new found for the Brazilian Amazon (M. bambusinus), and five of them were new records to the Amazonas state and to Central Amazon (C. triplex, G. albonigrum, G. fimbriatum, G. hirsutum and G. schweinitzii).