Doença periodontal na população brasileira: uma análise retrospectiva da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 para identificar perfis de risco

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory pathology, associated the accumulation of dental biofilm that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth (gum, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) and with an important systemic impact in health. The investigation of this type of oral disease in large samples has always been challenging due to the high cost of field research, as well as the difficulty in defining criteria for collecting periodontal parameters that characterize the disease. With the change in the understanding that the progression or severity of periodontal disease is associated with risk factors, the possibility arises of measuring susceptible population groups without necessarily performing intraoral examinations. Thus, the present study aimed to explore risk variables for periodontal disease in the National Health Survey 2013, and thus propose a statistical variable to identify risk groups for periodontal disease. For the elaboration of the statistical variable, that is, the association algorithm between variables that allowed categorical predictions, we included the variables J013 (visit to the dentist in the last 12 months), P050 (smoker), Q030 (diagnosis of diabetes), U00203 (Uses thread) and W00303 (waist circumference), . Cluster analysis classified the sample of 42,728 individuals over 18 years of age into three levels: low risk (26.33%), medium risk (23.34%) and high risk (50.32%) for periodontal disease. By means of ordinal regression, significant odds were found for high risk: 4.56 times higher for individuals over 60 years of age, when compared to the younger group (18-24); 1.22 times higher for black individuals when compared to white individuals; 1.38 times higher for individuals from the northeast of the country, compared to residents of the South; in 3.36 times higher for individuals with incomplete primary education, when compared to those with higher education. The level of risk for periodontal disease is associated by variables such as age, education, race and regions of the country, facilitating the screening of susceptible groups and the implementation of public health measures.