Avaliação de risco de movimento de massa: proposta de sistematização de indicadores de exposição física em análise microlocal aplicada ao bairro Vila Embratel, São Luís-MA (Brasil)

Abstract

Disaster Risks are events that consider the relationship between numerous factors, such as natural instability of the area, installation of housing and other constructions in precarious areas, urban planning exclusively for a few, poverty, environmental degradation and social vulnerability. In São Luís, the materialization of risk considers all these factors, especially in the Vila Embratel neighborhood, an area with 13 hectares and approximately 555 families. According to the Municipal Civil Defense and CPRM (2017) it is the neighborhood with the largest number of areas at risk of mass movement in the municipality. In addition, the area also presents flood risks, which will be analyzed in this research. These risks occur due to the overlapping of Physical Exposure and Social Vulnerability., Taking into account the two dimensions in the study of Risks, it is worth noting that the literature brings a study of risks from a social character - and their respective categories and environmental - considering each type of hazard, however, there is a need for specificity of these environmental characteristics and in the present research, Physical Exposure is analyzed from categories focused on Physical-Natural and Structural aspects in a different way. Therefore, the general objective of the research is to produce indicators of Physical Exposure to the risks of mass movement on a micro-local scale based on physical-natural and structural characteristics with application in the Priority Area of Risk of Mass Movement in the neighborhood of Vila Embratel, São Paulo. Luís-MA. The methodological approaches were based on field activities, application of questionnaires, imagery of the area with PRA and application of the Delphi method. After producing categories, indicators and assigning weights to the Physical Exposure variables and assigning weights to the Social Vulnerability indicators, the collected data were systematized into indices and spatialized through maps that showed the most physically exposed and socially vulnerable sectors in the study area. The division of Physical Exposure into two categories proved to be an effective way to identify whether the area is more precarious in terms of Public Structure or in relation to Physical-Natural characteristics. In this way, the production and adaptation of variables, production and systematization of indicators from the Physical-Natural and Structural Categories, the attribution of weights to the Physical Exposure variables and to the Social Vulnerability indicators proved to be an important contribution to the studies of risk of mass movement on a microlocal scale.