Análise da qualidade do ar nos Estados de Pernambuco e Ceará

Abstract

This study investigated air quality in the states of Pernambuco and Ceará, located in Northeastern Brazil (NEB), using monitoring data from the states compiled by the Institute of Energy and Environment (IEMA) through its Air Quality Platform. Six stations in Pernambuco (2017–2022) and four in Ceará (2016–2020) were analyzed, covering hourly concentrations of pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, SO₂ , O₃ , CO, and NO₂ . The analysis followed the guidelines of Resolution No. nº 506/2024 of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The data were organized by year, and metrics such as annual averages, 24- hour averages, and 8-hour moving maximums were calculated in accordance with regulatory standards. In Pernambuco, the greater data consistency allowed the identification of patterns and seasonal variations, while in Ceará, critical gaps in records across all collection years limited the temporal analyses and the representativeness of the results. The stations were classified based on their location (urban, residential, industrial), considering surrounding characteristics such as urban verticalization and proximity to industrial areas. The results indicated a general trend of emission reduction, with some occasional exceedances of CONAMA and WHO limits. Despite the limitations in Ceará’s data, this study contributes to understanding air quality in the region, highlighting the importance of complete and detailed datasets for robust analyses and the development of more effective regional environmental policies. Furthermore, integrating observational data with dynamic air quality models is suggested for more comprehensive future analyses.